Emergence is a core idea in Bhaskar's critical realist philosophy of science.

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What was the criticism?

Not said often enough. The closest alternative 'race' ('subspecies' is moe accurate) were Neanderthals and we saw them off 40,000 years ago although also interbred, so not even that distinction holds up.

Pol Pot?

Mao?

If your ideological motive is to argue someone out of it, then I would certainly see that as transphobic. But the fact you allow no space between automatic affirmation and transphobia supports my original comment about splitting and black and white thinking.

Can't speak for all of them...

I can speak for all of them, but you are mistaken when it comes to Anna. Please don't fall into the trap of assuming transphobia when people want to pause and think.

Please. If you are not immediately trans-affirming, that does not make you an automatic transphobe. We need to resist this intense splitting to keep open some thinking space. This middle ground does include thoughtful practitioners like Hutchinson.

You track them in parallel.

Connects not corrects. Grrr ..

You really need to read Bhaskar's critical realism, which coherently corrects these strands.