We invite submissions for the conference Quantitative Diachronic Linguistics and Cultural Analytics: Data-Driven Insights into Language and Cultural Change, to be held at King’s College London on 15–16 January 2026.

Clemens <papa ; 8.>: Iubileum sanct.mi D.N.D. Clementis diuina prouidentia papae ^VIII=8^ Ad Diuinam opem aduersus Turcas, ... (Romae : Apud Paulum Bladum, Impressorem Cameralem, 1593., https://edit16.iccu.sbn.it/titolo/CNCE071316). No digital copy in EDIT16. Do you know any? #neolatin #EDIT16

<p>With the <em>Vox Anni</em> contest now in its third season, the <em>Thesaurus linguae Latinae</em> community is excited to share with you the contestants for <strong><a href="https://easy-feedback.de/TLL/1923980/qkd3jf">Latin Word of the Year 2024</a></strong>. (Learn more about the previous winners, <a href="https://parerga.hypotheses.org/2323"><em>rescellula</em></a> and <a href="https://parerga.hypotheses.org/2967"><em>resocio</em></a>.)</p> <p>Whether you are a professional Classicist, a fan of sword-and-sandal cinema, or simply Latin-curious, we invite you to choose your favorite word from the five finalists below. Polls will remain open until <strong>December 19, 2024, midnight</strong> (Central European Time). The winner will be announced on this blog on December 20 and via social media.</p> <p><a href="https://easy-feedback.de/TLL/1923980/qkd3jf"><strong>Cast your vote HERE.</strong></a></p> <p>The finalists for this year’s Latin Word of the Year are (in alphabetical order):</p> <span id="more-3516"></span> <ol class="wp-block-list"> <li><strong>reteiaclor </strong>“to net, fish out”</li> <li><strong>retotatototato</strong> (onomatopoeic imitation of a wind instrument)</li> <li><strong>retroactim</strong> “retroactively”</li> <li><strong>revaleo</strong> “to be well again”</li> <li><strong>revolumen</strong> “churning”</li> </ol> <p>For a word to be eligible for the competition:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>its TLL entry must have been <strong>published in 2024</strong> (that is, in the lexicon’s most recent fascicle R11, which runs from <em>resurgo </em>“rise up again” to <em>reus </em>“defendant, witness”);</li> <li>it is a <strong>new word</strong> in the sense that it is not found in any of the standard ancient Latin dictionaries (the lexica we used to determine lexical “newness” include Blaise’s <em>Dictionnaire latin-français des auteurs chrétiens</em>, Castiglioni–Mariotti, Forcellini, <em>Le grand Gaffiot</em>, Georges, Lewis &amp; Short, the <em>Oxford Latin Dictionary</em>, Souter’s <em>Glossary of Later Latin</em>, and the <em>Woordenboek Latijn/Nederlands</em>);</li> <li>it was deemed of <strong>particular merit</strong> by an internal preselection on morphological, semantic, and/or thematic grounds (in other words, the lemma struck us as particularly interesting, funny, or relevant…).</li> </ul> <p>By coincidence, all the shortlisted words this year occur only a single time each in surviving Latin texts. Or, to use a Greek term, they are all <strong>hapax legomena</strong> (“said once”).</p> <p><strong>1. RĒTEIACLOR (-ārī):</strong></p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img alt="" class="wp-image-3544" decoding="async" height="92" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" src="https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/reteiaclor-500x92.png" srcset="https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/reteiaclor-500x92.png 500w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/reteiaclor-300x55.png 300w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/reteiaclor-768x142.png 768w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/reteiaclor-624x115.png 624w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/reteiaclor.png 780w" width="500"/></figure> <p>A verb derived from the rare <em>retiaculum</em> (“throwing-net”), the even rarer <em>reteiaclor</em> is intriguing because of who used it and how it was used. Its single extant occurrence comes in the personal correspondence of a famous Roman emperor: Marcus Aurelius. In addition to playing a significant role in Ridley Scott’s 2000 <em>Gladiator</em>, he is now perhaps best known for authoring the <em>Meditations</em> (which, as a bilingual, he wrote in Greek). But the verb also stands out from a lexicographic point of view. In lieu of its expected, literal meaning (“capture with a net”) it denotes the process of finding an answer to a difficult question.</p> <p><strong>2. RETOTATOTOTATO:</strong></p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img alt="" class="wp-image-3547" decoding="async" height="73" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" src="https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/retotatototato-500x73.png" srcset="https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/retotatototato-500x73.png 500w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/retotatototato-300x44.png 300w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/retotatototato-768x112.png 768w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/retotatototato-624x91.png 624w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/retotatototato.png 786w" width="500"/></figure> <p>This expression, with no apparent meaning or etymology, appears to have been coined on the spot to capture the sound of a musical instrument, perhaps the trumpet. We find it scratched on a wall in Pompeii – a town, whose everyday life and written culture are exceptionally well preserved for us as a result of the disastrous eruption of the nearby volcano in 79 CE. Did the anonymous graffiti artist intend their lexical innovation to rival the early Roman poet Ennius, who had already described the war-bugle as crying out (a terrifying and equally T-heavy) <em>taratantara</em>?</p> <p><strong>3. RETROĀCTIM (<em>adv.</em>):</strong></p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img alt="" class="wp-image-3548" decoding="async" height="72" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" src="https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/retroactim-500x72.png" srcset="https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/retroactim-500x72.png 500w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/retroactim-300x43.png 300w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/retroactim-768x111.png 768w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/retroactim-624x90.png 624w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/retroactim.png 788w" width="500"/></figure> <p>Participants in last year’s contest may remember the originator of this word, Virgilius Maro grammaticus. Despite the professional title, used by convention, he was probably more of a cultural fabricator and esoteric philosopher than a “grammarian”. As a one-off adverb coined from the verb <em>retro agere</em> (“push back”), <em>retroactim </em>(“retroactively”) refers to the process by which certain “calculators” measure time by “going backward”. Perhaps a fitting choice for the retrospective glance many of us adopt at the conclusion of a year?</p> <p><strong>4. REVALEO (-ēre):</strong></p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img alt="" class="wp-image-3551" decoding="async" height="70" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" src="https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/revaleo-500x70.png" srcset="https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/revaleo-500x70.png 500w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/revaleo-300x42.png 300w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/revaleo-768x107.png 768w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/revaleo-624x87.png 624w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/revaleo.png 1051w" width="500"/></figure> <p>This word may look familiar to those who know the common Latin farewells, <em>vale!</em> and <em>valete!</em> (idiomatically “goodbye!”, but literally “be healthy!”). With the addition of the prefix <em>re- </em>(“again”), the compound verb means “be well again”. The word survives thanks to a fourth-century sepulchral epigram, found in the Cemetery of Callixtus in Rome. Although much of the text is now lost, the deceased, a devout Christian, appears to express his expectation of “being strong again” in the afterlife.</p> <p><strong>5. REVOLV̄MEN (-inis <em>n.</em>):</strong></p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img alt="" class="wp-image-3555" decoding="async" height="72" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" src="https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/revolumen-500x72.png" srcset="https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/revolumen-500x72.png 500w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/revolumen-300x43.png 300w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/revolumen-768x110.png 768w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/revolumen-624x89.png 624w, https://parerga.hypotheses.org/files/2024/12/revolumen.png 1048w" width="500"/></figure> <p>As one of several Latin action nouns ultimately derived from the verb <em>revolvo </em>(“roll back or over”), <em>revolumen</em> describes the “churning” of the sea in a passage from a late-antique novel about the miraculous adventures of the fictional Tyrian king Apollonius. <em>Revolumen </em>has been overshadowed by its better known synonym, <em>revolutio</em>. In a time of abrupt political changes, it is good to be reminded of the original, physical and spatial reference of these words. Would Karl Marx have heard a premonition of societal upheaval in the murmur of clashing waves?</p> <p><strong>Have you made your decision?</strong> Vote for the <strong>Latin Word of the Year</strong> <a href="https://easy-feedback.de/TLL/1923980/qkd3jf">here!</a></p> <p><strong>Interested in learning more about the TLL?</strong> Visit the <strong>project website</strong> <a href="https://thesaurus.badw.de/en/project.html">here</a>!</p> <p><em>Text by </em><a href="https://daw.philhist.unibas.ch/de/personen/massimo-ce/"><em>Massimo Cè</em></a><em> (University of Basel) and </em><a href="https://badw.academia.edu/AdamGitner"><em>Adam Gitner</em></a><em> (Thesaurus linguae Latinae).</em></p> <p> </p> <hr/><div class="citation"><p><span class="citation-title">OpenEdition schlägt Ihnen vor, diesen Beitrag wie folgt zu zitieren:</span><br/>Josine Schrickx (13. Dezember 2024). Latin Word of the Year 2024. <em>Parerga</em>. Abgerufen am 19. 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