The events of May 2025 do not settle how binding or expansive India’s nuclear no first use commitment is. But they definitely show how tempting the prospect of counterforce is for the Indian commentariat. Whether senior officials buy-in is another matter.

Thanks to @ethrelkeld.bsky.social and the entire Stimson South Asia team for their quick work getting this through the publication process.

Yes, I understood. I was just saying I had a lot of citations to things without a DOI

Good to know re: DOI. had a lot of government website links—official statements and the like—and may have bumped into problems as a result.

I make no promises about the future!