Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology
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Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology
@cjo-jco.bsky.social
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CJO is the official journal of the Canadian Ophthalmological Society. Publishing original, peer-reviewed articles on ophthalmology and vision science.

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This case series and lit review identifies clinico-radiological features that differentiate idiopathic granulomatous orbital inflammation from other aetiologies of granulomatous inflammation.

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#Ophthalmology #OcuplasticSurgery #OrbitalInflammation #GranulomatousInflammation
Idiopathic granulomatous orbital inflammation: case series and literature review
Idiopathic granulomatous orbital inflammation is an uncommon histological finding that remains poorly defined due to its overlap with specific causes of granulomatous orbital inflammation, such as orb...
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November 18, 2025 at 12:13 PM
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This study analyzes characteristics of ocular surface squamous cell neoplasia (OSSN) at first diagnosis and risk factors for aggressive growth behaviour.

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#Ophthalmology #OcuplasticSurgery #EyeCancer #OSSN #EpithelialDysplasia #CarcinomaInSitu #SquamousCellCarcinoma
Ocular surface squamous cell neoplasia: risk factors for aggressive growth behaviour and the role of Ki-67
Analyzing characteristics of ocular surface squamous cell neoplasia (OSSN) at first diagnosis and potential risk factors for aggressive growth behaviour.
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November 17, 2025 at 12:06 PM
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This case report highlights a rare, but important, complication of epidural blood patching (EBP): intraretinal hemorrhage.

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#Ophthalmology #RetinalHemorrhage #IntraretinalHemorrhage #EpiduralBloodPatching
Bilateral retinal hemorrhage following epidural blood patch
Epidural blood patching (EBP) involves the injection of autologous blood into the epidural space to seal a dural tear and stop cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. The procedure can lead to an increase ...
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November 16, 2025 at 2:25 PM
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This pilot study evaluates the initial clinical outcomes of a small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE)-derived lenticule patch graft for the management of corneal defects.

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#Ophthalmology #LenticulePatch #CornealDefects #CornealPathologies
A pilot study on SMILE-derived lenticule patch implantation: stromal augmentation for various corneal pathologies
To evaluate the initial clinical outcomes of a small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE)-derived lenticule patch graft for the management of corneal defects.
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November 15, 2025 at 12:20 PM
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Using multimodal imaging, this photo essay details a case of acute central vision loss in both eyes (OU) from laser pointer exposure.

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#Ophthalmology #OcularImaging #MultimodalImaging #Maculopathy #LaserPointerMaculopathy
Multimodal imaging of laser pointer maculopathy
A 14-year-old boy with a history of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and laser pointer exposure presented with acute central vision loss in both eyes (OU). Visual acuity was 20/30 in the right...
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November 14, 2025 at 12:29 PM
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This report describes a rare case of a patient who presented with unilateral necrotizing scleritis as the main ocular manifestation of Behcet’s disease.

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#Ophthalmology #BehcetsDisease #Scleritis #NecrotizingScleritis #EyeDisease
Acute necrotizing scleritis in Behcet’s disease—a case report
Scleritis is a rare, sight-threatening inflammatory condition that affects the sclera. Necrotizing scleritis has the highest frequency of systemic associations among all forms of scleritis, but it has...
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November 13, 2025 at 12:27 PM
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This retrospective study compares the 5-year reoperation rates between Schlemm's canal (SC)-based glaucoma surgery and trabeculectomy (Trab) and identifies risk factors for reoperations.

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#Ophthalmology #Glaucoma #GlaucomaSurgery
#Trabeculectomy
Five-year reoperation rates after Schlemm's canal-based glaucoma surgery versus trabeculectomy
To compare 5-year reoperation rates between Schlemm's canal (SC)-based glaucoma surgery and trabeculectomy (Trab), and to identify risk factors for reoperations.
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November 12, 2025 at 8:36 PM
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Ocular tuberculosis (TB) presents diagnostic challenges, as it may mimic the appearance of other infectious and inflammatory conditions.

This article details a case of presumed ocular tuberculosis mimicking bilateral retinitis pigmentosa.

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#Ophthalmology #OcularTuberculosis
Multimodal ocular imaging for a case report on presumed ocular tuberculosis presenting as a pigmentary retinopathy published in the October 2025 issue of CJO.
November 11, 2025 at 12:13 PM
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The October issue of CJO features articles on comparing the rate of cataract surgery complications between a hospital and an independent health facility, case reports, photo essays, the F.Y. Eye column, and more.

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#Ophthalmology #ClinicalResearch #VisionScience
Cover for the October 2025 issue of the Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology.
November 6, 2025 at 3:21 PM
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This article reports on a case of bilateral, rapid-onset macular edema associated with ozanimod therapy that improved following cessation of this medication.

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Ozanimod-associated macular edema
Ozanimod is an immunomodulatory agent used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and ulcerative colitis that acts via its action as a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist and is selective ...
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September 22, 2025 at 3:52 PM
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CLN3-related juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), or Batten disease, is a rare autosomal recessive neurometabolic storage disorder. This article details how vacuolated lymphocytes are a key diagnostic biomarker for this disease.

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#Ophthalmology #BattenDisease
Vacuolated lymphocytes: a diagnostic biomarker for CLN3-related Batten disease
CLN3-related juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) or Batten disease is a rare (1 in 25,000 to 3 in 100 000 livebirths) autosomal recessive neurometabolic storage disorder characterized by de...
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September 8, 2025 at 2:37 PM
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From a team at McGill University, this article details a case of orbital myositis as the initial manifestation of otherwise asymptomatic Crohn’s disease in a pediatric patient.
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Bilateral optic nerve compression from suprasellar breast cancer metastasis
Breast cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, is particularly notable for its tendency to metastasize to distant sites.1 While metastasis most commonly occurs to the bones, lungs, brain...
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September 2, 2025 at 2:07 PM
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This study assessed the safety and effectiveness of voretigene neparvovec-rzyl gene replacement therapy in patients with RPE65-associated Leber congenital amaurosis, at 18 months post treatment.
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Insights into the effects of subretinal voretigene neparvovec-rzyl in RPE65-associated Leber congenital amaurosis
Assess safety and effectiveness of subretinal gene replacement therapy at 18 months post treatment.
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August 29, 2025 at 3:23 PM
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This article presents the first 2 cases of later-onset autosomal recessive macular dystrophy, both associated with an identical, homozygous PRPH2 founder variant from Calabria, Italy.

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#Ophthalmology #InheritedRetinalDiseases
First reported autosomal recessive macular and cone dystrophy linked to homozygous PRPH2 variant in two Calabrian families
Variants in the PRPH2 gene are responsible for 4.6% of all inherited retinal dystrophies in individuals of European descent, ranking fourth in prevalence following ABCA4, USH2A, and RPGR genes. Inheri...
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August 27, 2025 at 5:58 PM
Reposted by Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology
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Have 10 seconds? The Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology @cjo-jco.bsky.social is considering moving to a digital format.

Print or digital: what’s your preference?
- 1-question survey (survey.alchemer-ca.com/s3/50381038/...)
- Or comment here
August 21, 2025 at 3:03 PM
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Photo essay from a 6-year-old girl who presented with a 1-year history of a slow-growing, subconjunctival dark mass near her left caruncle, and was diagnosed with orbital melanoma in the medial rectus.

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Orbital melanoma in the medial rectus
A 6-year-old girl presented with a 1-year history of a slow-growing, subconjunctival dark mass near her left caruncle (Fig. 1A, arrow). Magnetic resonance imaging showed a fusiform orbital mass extend...
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August 21, 2025 at 2:28 PM
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From a team at Dalhousie University, this study evaluated the effect of ginkgo biloba extract on OCT-A macula and peripapillary perfusion parameters among patients with treated early-to-moderate primary open-angle glaucoma.

bit.ly/cjo_ginkgo-b...

#Ophthalmology #ClinicalResearch #OcularImaging
Effect of ginkgo biloba extract on macula and peripapillary perfusion examined using optical coherence tomography angiography
To evaluate the effect of ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) macula and peripapillary perfusion parameters among patients with treated early-to-moderate pr...
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August 19, 2025 at 3:00 PM
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This article describes how the authors upgraded a cataract surgery simulation room (using an EyeSi Surgical simulator) to meet the principles of Crisis Resource Management, which involves high-fidelity simulation scenarios, in an uncomplicated cataract scenario.
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From a task-trainer to an immersive operating-room experience: upgrading a cataract surgery simulator to enhance soft-skills training
Virtual reality-based simulation has become a cornerstone of cataract surgery training. These simulators provide an opportunity for unlimited task repetition in a safe and controlled environment, maki...
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August 11, 2025 at 1:53 PM
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This study compared the performance of large language models (Microsoft Copilot, GPT-4, Google Gemini) in answering 300 diverse ophthalmological questions from StatPearls, and assessed the impact of prompting techniques on their accuracy.

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Infographic summarizing the study on the performance of large language models (Microsoft Copilot, Chat GPT-4, and Google Gemini) in answering 300 diverse ophthalmological questions from StatPearls.
August 7, 2025 at 2:31 PM
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This is a case of profound vision loss secondary to malignant intracranial hypertension following a multifocal intracranial hemorrhage in a patient with Alagille Syndrome, which is a rare autosomal dominant multiorgan disorder of variable phenotypic expressivity.
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Profound vision loss secondary to malignant intracranial hypertension following a multifocal intracranial hemorrhage in an adult with Alagille Syndrome
A 25-year-old female with Alagille Syndrome (ALGS) presented to the emergency department with altered mental status, headache, and difficulty seeing. Medical comorbidities included pulmonary valve dys...
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August 6, 2025 at 2:30 PM
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From a team in Italy, this study used multimodal imaging to analyze longitudinal changes of retinal neovessels in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy after 3 monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab.
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Multimodal imaging features of retinal neovascularization in response to 3 anti-VEGF injections
To analyze longitudinal changes of retinal neovessels (NV) in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) after 3 monthly intravitreal injections (IVI) of ranibizumab by means of different imag...
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August 1, 2025 at 3:18 PM
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This unique case describes an iris mesenchymal tumour in an infant.

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#Ophthalmology
Iris mesenchymal tumour in an infant
A 10-month-old female with no pertinent past medical or family history was referred for an iris lesion in the left eye. The lesion was first noted at 3 months of age and had slowly progressed in size....
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July 30, 2025 at 2:48 PM
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The August CJO is now online! It features articles on translating ophthalmic medical jargon with AI, 24-hour intraocular pressure fluctuation in glaucoma patients, G-ROP versus WINROP for ROP screening, photo essays, research letters, the F.Y. Eye column, and much more.
bit.ly/cjo_60-4_Aug...
Cover of the August 2025 issue of the Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology (CJO). Cover is white with red and black text, and it features two reddish-orange fundus images on a black background in the centre-top.
July 28, 2025 at 2:12 PM
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In this study, authors examined the association between quantitative vascular parameters extracted from intravenous fluorescein angiography and baseline clinical characteristics of patients with retinal vein occlusion
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#Ophthalmology #ClinicalResearch #ArtificialIntelligence
Artificial intelligence-based extraction of quantitative ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography parameters in retinal vein occlusion
To examine the association between quantitative vascular parameters extracted from intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA) and baseline clinical characteristics of patients with retinal vein occlus...
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July 24, 2025 at 4:42 PM
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Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a chronic infection of the central nervous system by an altered form the measles virus, often presenting in young patients with a history of measles before the age of 2 years old.
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Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis manifesting as bilateral necrotizing neuroretinitis
A 9-year-old boy, presented with bilateral loss of central vision over 1 week. In addition, the patient's father had noticed over the past month some unusual tapping of his fingers when tired or falli...
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July 23, 2025 at 2:56 PM