Spermatophytes (seed plants like pines and flowers) invented seeds and pollen, which let them take over dry land. Today they provide most food, wood, and oxygen.

Pterophytes (ferns, horsetails, whisk ferns) were the first plants to form forests. They don’t make seeds but have real leaves and tubes for water. Still common in shady, damp places.

Lycophytes (club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts) were once the tallest plants on Earth. They don’t have seeds but do have roots and water tubes. Now they mostly grow close to the ground.#AncientPlants

Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, hornworts) are small plants with no seeds or tubes to carry water. They were some of the first to live on land and help keep soil and water in place.#moss

Charophytes (Chara, Coleochaete) are green algae, the closest relatives of plants. They don’t have seeds or stems but can handle drying out a little, which made life on land possible.