Aaron Koay
@aaroncckoay.bsky.social
PhD-ing in Global Health @ UCL | Research Consultant | Pharmacist | Health policy & systems; Intersectionality; Migration; NCDs | 🇲🇾in🇮🇪&🇬🇧 | he/him
Pinned
Aaron Koay
@aaroncckoay.bsky.social
· Feb 4
📢 New publication
🔎 We conducted a retrospective health policy analysis to explore why the deployment of #CommunityPharmacy for #COVID19 #vaccination in Ireland was delayed.
🏫 @tcdsociology.bsky.social @ucdsociology.bsky.social @uclglobalhealth.bsky.social
🔗 doi.org/10.1177/1049...
🧵👇
/1
🔎 We conducted a retrospective health policy analysis to explore why the deployment of #CommunityPharmacy for #COVID19 #vaccination in Ireland was delayed.
🏫 @tcdsociology.bsky.social @ucdsociology.bsky.social @uclglobalhealth.bsky.social
🔗 doi.org/10.1177/1049...
🧵👇
/1
Reposted by Aaron Koay
Thanks Nicola! And for those who may want something shorter, here is a hard hitting editorial on the topic of #genderjustice and #globalhealth
www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...
@womenlifthealth.bsky.social @womeningh.bsky.social @katewomersley.com @kstoreng.bsky.social @jocalynclark.bsky.social
www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...
@womenlifthealth.bsky.social @womeningh.bsky.social @katewomersley.com @kstoreng.bsky.social @jocalynclark.bsky.social
April 13, 2025 at 8:23 PM
Thanks Nicola! And for those who may want something shorter, here is a hard hitting editorial on the topic of #genderjustice and #globalhealth
www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...
@womenlifthealth.bsky.social @womeningh.bsky.social @katewomersley.com @kstoreng.bsky.social @jocalynclark.bsky.social
www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...
@womenlifthealth.bsky.social @womeningh.bsky.social @katewomersley.com @kstoreng.bsky.social @jocalynclark.bsky.social
Reposted by Aaron Koay
Global health is in crisis - and #genderjustice must be at the centre of reform.
Through the recent Lancet Commission on Gender and Global Health, a multi-disciplinary group of experts have produced actionable recommendations to embed gender justice into the #GlobalHealth sector: bit.ly/42l5rim
Through the recent Lancet Commission on Gender and Global Health, a multi-disciplinary group of experts have produced actionable recommendations to embed gender justice into the #GlobalHealth sector: bit.ly/42l5rim
April 10, 2025 at 3:06 PM
Global health is in crisis - and #genderjustice must be at the centre of reform.
Through the recent Lancet Commission on Gender and Global Health, a multi-disciplinary group of experts have produced actionable recommendations to embed gender justice into the #GlobalHealth sector: bit.ly/42l5rim
Through the recent Lancet Commission on Gender and Global Health, a multi-disciplinary group of experts have produced actionable recommendations to embed gender justice into the #GlobalHealth sector: bit.ly/42l5rim
Reposted by Aaron Koay
The Lancet Commission on Gender and #GlobalHealth is a must-read for anyone passionate about equality and #HealthEquity.
For the critical findings and recommendations for integrating gender justice into health systems worldwide, read the Executive Summary: bit.ly/42l5rim
#GenderJustice
For the critical findings and recommendations for integrating gender justice into health systems worldwide, read the Executive Summary: bit.ly/42l5rim
#GenderJustice
April 9, 2025 at 12:15 PM
The Lancet Commission on Gender and #GlobalHealth is a must-read for anyone passionate about equality and #HealthEquity.
For the critical findings and recommendations for integrating gender justice into health systems worldwide, read the Executive Summary: bit.ly/42l5rim
#GenderJustice
For the critical findings and recommendations for integrating gender justice into health systems worldwide, read the Executive Summary: bit.ly/42l5rim
#GenderJustice
Reposted by Aaron Koay
Launched today on #WorldHealthDay: The Lancet Commission on #Gender and #GlobalHealth.
A bold call to put #genderjustice at the centre of #healthequity— with clear, actionable recommendations for change: bit.ly/42l5rim
Proud of our role in helping to shape this work.
#GenderAndGlobalHealth
A bold call to put #genderjustice at the centre of #healthequity— with clear, actionable recommendations for change: bit.ly/42l5rim
Proud of our role in helping to shape this work.
#GenderAndGlobalHealth
April 7, 2025 at 10:54 AM
Launched today on #WorldHealthDay: The Lancet Commission on #Gender and #GlobalHealth.
A bold call to put #genderjustice at the centre of #healthequity— with clear, actionable recommendations for change: bit.ly/42l5rim
Proud of our role in helping to shape this work.
#GenderAndGlobalHealth
A bold call to put #genderjustice at the centre of #healthequity— with clear, actionable recommendations for change: bit.ly/42l5rim
Proud of our role in helping to shape this work.
#GenderAndGlobalHealth
The Lancet Commission Report on Gender and GlobalHealth sets out bold recommendations to put #GenderJustice at the heart of all we do to achieve #HealthForAll.
Honoured to be a co-author, and thank you @femupheave.bsky.social @gh5050.bsky.social for your unparalleled leadership! 👏
Honoured to be a co-author, and thank you @femupheave.bsky.social @gh5050.bsky.social for your unparalleled leadership! 👏
🌍✨ The pursuit of #GenderJustice in global health is not simply an aspiration—it’s a necessity for 📈 health outcomes & addressing inequities.
Explore the intricate relationship between gender & health, obstacles to progress & key recommendations in a new Lancet Commission ➡️ hubs.li/Q03g3_-n0
Explore the intricate relationship between gender & health, obstacles to progress & key recommendations in a new Lancet Commission ➡️ hubs.li/Q03g3_-n0
Achieving gender justice for global health equity: the Lancet Commission on gender and global health
Achieving gender justice in global health—which we define as encompassing the realisation
of universal rights in relation to health equity and gender equality, while also addressing
the drivers of gen...
hubs.li
April 7, 2025 at 10:54 AM
The Lancet Commission Report on Gender and GlobalHealth sets out bold recommendations to put #GenderJustice at the heart of all we do to achieve #HealthForAll.
Honoured to be a co-author, and thank you @femupheave.bsky.social @gh5050.bsky.social for your unparalleled leadership! 👏
Honoured to be a co-author, and thank you @femupheave.bsky.social @gh5050.bsky.social for your unparalleled leadership! 👏
Reposted by Aaron Koay
@femupheave.bsky.social & @aaroncckoay.bsky.social were part of The Lancet Commission on Gender and Global Health who released a new report on #WorldHealthDay highlighting how gender justice in global health improves health outcomes & reduces inequalities for all people.
Full report: buff.ly/iIsuIfA
Full report: buff.ly/iIsuIfA
April 7, 2025 at 10:11 AM
@femupheave.bsky.social & @aaroncckoay.bsky.social were part of The Lancet Commission on Gender and Global Health who released a new report on #WorldHealthDay highlighting how gender justice in global health improves health outcomes & reduces inequalities for all people.
Full report: buff.ly/iIsuIfA
Full report: buff.ly/iIsuIfA
Reposted by Aaron Koay
🌍✨ The pursuit of #GenderJustice in global health is not simply an aspiration—it’s a necessity for 📈 health outcomes & addressing inequities.
Explore the intricate relationship between gender & health, obstacles to progress & key recommendations in a new Lancet Commission ➡️ hubs.li/Q03g3_-n0
Explore the intricate relationship between gender & health, obstacles to progress & key recommendations in a new Lancet Commission ➡️ hubs.li/Q03g3_-n0
Achieving gender justice for global health equity: the Lancet Commission on gender and global health
Achieving gender justice in global health—which we define as encompassing the realisation
of universal rights in relation to health equity and gender equality, while also addressing
the drivers of gen...
hubs.li
April 7, 2025 at 6:48 AM
🌍✨ The pursuit of #GenderJustice in global health is not simply an aspiration—it’s a necessity for 📈 health outcomes & addressing inequities.
Explore the intricate relationship between gender & health, obstacles to progress & key recommendations in a new Lancet Commission ➡️ hubs.li/Q03g3_-n0
Explore the intricate relationship between gender & health, obstacles to progress & key recommendations in a new Lancet Commission ➡️ hubs.li/Q03g3_-n0
Reposted by Aaron Koay
Pleased that our paper on shaping the narrative on #obesity was among the top ten most cited papers in #ObesityReviews
Particularly pleased to bring a #humanrights dimension that is too often missing
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10....
@worldobesity.bsky.social @oha-updates.bsky.social
Particularly pleased to bring a #humanrights dimension that is too often missing
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10....
@worldobesity.bsky.social @oha-updates.bsky.social
March 19, 2025 at 2:47 PM
Pleased that our paper on shaping the narrative on #obesity was among the top ten most cited papers in #ObesityReviews
Particularly pleased to bring a #humanrights dimension that is too often missing
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10....
@worldobesity.bsky.social @oha-updates.bsky.social
Particularly pleased to bring a #humanrights dimension that is too often missing
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10....
@worldobesity.bsky.social @oha-updates.bsky.social
Reposted by Aaron Koay
New article in @politicsgenderj.bsky.social with @drorlysiow.bsky.social. We analyze how intersectionality has been used in gender and politics research, and explore how can it be used in ways more closely aligned with Black feminist theory.
#gendersky #polisky
#gendersky #polisky
📣 Out on #FirstView 📣
For our upcoming anniversary issue, @drashleec.bsky.social & @drorlysiow.bsky.social examine how intersectionality has been used within P&G and outline ways that future contributions can embrace the original Black feminist intentions of the concept.
https://buff.ly/42iSVS0
For our upcoming anniversary issue, @drashleec.bsky.social & @drorlysiow.bsky.social examine how intersectionality has been used within P&G and outline ways that future contributions can embrace the original Black feminist intentions of the concept.
https://buff.ly/42iSVS0
January 29, 2025 at 6:12 PM
New article in @politicsgenderj.bsky.social with @drorlysiow.bsky.social. We analyze how intersectionality has been used in gender and politics research, and explore how can it be used in ways more closely aligned with Black feminist theory.
#gendersky #polisky
#gendersky #polisky
Reposted by Aaron Koay
“Public health policy should be based on independent science, not shaped by entities with a financial stake in diet-related diseases” said Prof @carlos-monteiro.bsky.social Monteiro is Brazilian nutritional scientist & leader of the research group that originally developed the Nova classification.
🍫 Bittersweet: #NovoNordisk foundation’s #obesity head works as paid adviser to chocolate maker #Ferrero
“Professor Arne Astrup is also involved in project to change widely-accepted definition of ultra-processed food”
“Professor Arne Astrup is also involved in project to change widely-accepted definition of ultra-processed food”
Novo Nordisk foundation’s obesity head works as paid adviser to chocolate maker Ferrero
https://www.ft.com/content/4f36e2b3-c2f1-4b3f-a9e5-f5033fd39aa7
https://www.ft.com/content/4f36e2b3-c2f1-4b3f-a9e5-f5033fd39aa7
March 14, 2025 at 1:46 PM
“Public health policy should be based on independent science, not shaped by entities with a financial stake in diet-related diseases” said Prof @carlos-monteiro.bsky.social Monteiro is Brazilian nutritional scientist & leader of the research group that originally developed the Nova classification.
Reposted by Aaron Koay
Join online or in person in Geneva👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇
Did we mention that it's another busy week at the Alliance? Join us tomorrow for insights from a range of experts, including @virchowprize laureate @Lucy_Gilson on New frontiers in health policy and systems research.
Register to join the free webinar > www.ahpsr.org/frontiers
Register to join the free webinar > www.ahpsr.org/frontiers
New frontiers in health policy and systems research
OverviewThe 2024 Virchow Prize was awarded to Professor Lucy Gilson for her inspiring work towards more sustainable and people-centred health systems. More than an individual honour, this award highli...
www.ahpsr.org
March 10, 2025 at 10:11 AM
Join online or in person in Geneva👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇
Reposted by Aaron Koay
Check out the amazing SPHeRE Network 11th Annual Conference Poster Gallery right now. We are excited to meet everyone who is attending the conference on Tuesday 4th March. #SPHERE2025
www.sphereprogramme.ie/2025-annual-...
www.sphereprogramme.ie/2025-annual-...
2025 SPHeRE Network 11th Annual Conference Poster Gallery | The SPHeRE Programme | Structured Population and Health-services Research Education
www.sphereprogramme.ie
February 28, 2025 at 10:54 AM
Check out the amazing SPHeRE Network 11th Annual Conference Poster Gallery right now. We are excited to meet everyone who is attending the conference on Tuesday 4th March. #SPHERE2025
www.sphereprogramme.ie/2025-annual-...
www.sphereprogramme.ie/2025-annual-...
Reposted by Aaron Koay
Join us at the International Society for Critical Health Psychology conference in Galway this summer!
It will be of interest to all concerned with research & action at the intersection of health & social justice. Rarely has this been more important!
Submit your abstract here: ischp2025.ie
Fáilte!
It will be of interest to all concerned with research & action at the intersection of health & social justice. Rarely has this been more important!
Submit your abstract here: ischp2025.ie
Fáilte!
February 26, 2025 at 9:09 AM
Join us at the International Society for Critical Health Psychology conference in Galway this summer!
It will be of interest to all concerned with research & action at the intersection of health & social justice. Rarely has this been more important!
Submit your abstract here: ischp2025.ie
Fáilte!
It will be of interest to all concerned with research & action at the intersection of health & social justice. Rarely has this been more important!
Submit your abstract here: ischp2025.ie
Fáilte!
I had the privilege of visiting SEACO HDSS in Segamat, Malaysia, housed within Monash University Malaysia.
As part of my PhD at UCL, I am working with SEACO & Monash. I will soon be back in Malaysia – this time for a few months – to work on the health policy aspect of my research.
More soon!
As part of my PhD at UCL, I am working with SEACO & Monash. I will soon be back in Malaysia – this time for a few months – to work on the health policy aspect of my research.
More soon!
February 25, 2025 at 8:17 AM
I had the privilege of visiting SEACO HDSS in Segamat, Malaysia, housed within Monash University Malaysia.
As part of my PhD at UCL, I am working with SEACO & Monash. I will soon be back in Malaysia – this time for a few months – to work on the health policy aspect of my research.
More soon!
As part of my PhD at UCL, I am working with SEACO & Monash. I will soon be back in Malaysia – this time for a few months – to work on the health policy aspect of my research.
More soon!
Reposted by Aaron Koay
In 2024 @ginnybraun.bsky.social @vicclarke.bsky.social published a critical review of the reporting of RTA in @healthpromint.bsky.social
The tips and pointers are so incredibly helpful, and I have used this paper so often thinking through my own research.
academic.oup.com/heapro/artic...
The tips and pointers are so incredibly helpful, and I have used this paper so often thinking through my own research.
academic.oup.com/heapro/artic...
A critical review of the reporting of reflexive thematic analysis in Health Promotion International
Abstract. Using the concept of methodological congruence—where the different elements of a study ‘fit’ together—we explore both problematic and good practi
academic.oup.com
February 23, 2025 at 8:23 PM
In 2024 @ginnybraun.bsky.social @vicclarke.bsky.social published a critical review of the reporting of RTA in @healthpromint.bsky.social
The tips and pointers are so incredibly helpful, and I have used this paper so often thinking through my own research.
academic.oup.com/heapro/artic...
The tips and pointers are so incredibly helpful, and I have used this paper so often thinking through my own research.
academic.oup.com/heapro/artic...
🌐 Media release 🌐
"The missed opportunity to engage community pharmacies earlier in providing COVID-19 vaccination to save lives should be part of the evaluation [of Ireland's COVID-19 response.]"
🔗 Read @tcddublin.bsky.social media release on our new paper: www.tcd.ie/news_events/...
"The missed opportunity to engage community pharmacies earlier in providing COVID-19 vaccination to save lives should be part of the evaluation [of Ireland's COVID-19 response.]"
🔗 Read @tcddublin.bsky.social media release on our new paper: www.tcd.ie/news_events/...
February 13, 2025 at 4:46 PM
🌐 Media release 🌐
"The missed opportunity to engage community pharmacies earlier in providing COVID-19 vaccination to save lives should be part of the evaluation [of Ireland's COVID-19 response.]"
🔗 Read @tcddublin.bsky.social media release on our new paper: www.tcd.ie/news_events/...
"The missed opportunity to engage community pharmacies earlier in providing COVID-19 vaccination to save lives should be part of the evaluation [of Ireland's COVID-19 response.]"
🔗 Read @tcddublin.bsky.social media release on our new paper: www.tcd.ie/news_events/...
Reposted by Aaron Koay
💡Congratulations to our recent graduate of the MSc in Comparative Social Change (Class of 2022),
@aaroncckoay.bsky.social has published a paper with Prof Camilla Devitt in our department. 👏
Read more 👉 tinyurl.com/e5h2hkyj
@aaroncckoay.bsky.social has published a paper with Prof Camilla Devitt in our department. 👏
Read more 👉 tinyurl.com/e5h2hkyj
February 6, 2025 at 11:23 AM
💡Congratulations to our recent graduate of the MSc in Comparative Social Change (Class of 2022),
@aaroncckoay.bsky.social has published a paper with Prof Camilla Devitt in our department. 👏
Read more 👉 tinyurl.com/e5h2hkyj
@aaroncckoay.bsky.social has published a paper with Prof Camilla Devitt in our department. 👏
Read more 👉 tinyurl.com/e5h2hkyj
Reposted by Aaron Koay
You rolled over on genocide in Gaza, were told to keep quiet and obeyed. No matter what you say about Trump now, it just rings hollow.
When we look back at Trump’s impact on (global/public) health we’d see that the failure of our response began with the failure of our response on Gaza.
When we look back at Trump’s impact on (global/public) health we’d see that the failure of our response began with the failure of our response on Gaza.
February 5, 2025 at 8:22 AM
You rolled over on genocide in Gaza, were told to keep quiet and obeyed. No matter what you say about Trump now, it just rings hollow.
When we look back at Trump’s impact on (global/public) health we’d see that the failure of our response began with the failure of our response on Gaza.
When we look back at Trump’s impact on (global/public) health we’d see that the failure of our response began with the failure of our response on Gaza.
Reposted by Aaron Koay
Proud to have been a stakeholder for this important work.
📢 New publication
🔎 We conducted a retrospective health policy analysis to explore why the deployment of #CommunityPharmacy for #COVID19 #vaccination in Ireland was delayed.
🏫 @tcdsociology.bsky.social @ucdsociology.bsky.social @uclglobalhealth.bsky.social
🔗 doi.org/10.1177/1049...
🧵👇
/1
🔎 We conducted a retrospective health policy analysis to explore why the deployment of #CommunityPharmacy for #COVID19 #vaccination in Ireland was delayed.
🏫 @tcdsociology.bsky.social @ucdsociology.bsky.social @uclglobalhealth.bsky.social
🔗 doi.org/10.1177/1049...
🧵👇
/1
February 4, 2025 at 10:44 AM
Proud to have been a stakeholder for this important work.
In this work, we also explored the use of Reflexive Thematic Analysis in health policy analysis to better situate power & positionalities, develop analytical depth and generate coherent yet multi-dimensional themes.
Hope this will be of interest! 😊 @ginnybraun.bsky.social @vicclarke.bsky.social
Hope this will be of interest! 😊 @ginnybraun.bsky.social @vicclarke.bsky.social
📢 New publication
🔎 We conducted a retrospective health policy analysis to explore why the deployment of #CommunityPharmacy for #COVID19 #vaccination in Ireland was delayed.
🏫 @tcdsociology.bsky.social @ucdsociology.bsky.social @uclglobalhealth.bsky.social
🔗 doi.org/10.1177/1049...
🧵👇
/1
🔎 We conducted a retrospective health policy analysis to explore why the deployment of #CommunityPharmacy for #COVID19 #vaccination in Ireland was delayed.
🏫 @tcdsociology.bsky.social @ucdsociology.bsky.social @uclglobalhealth.bsky.social
🔗 doi.org/10.1177/1049...
🧵👇
/1
February 4, 2025 at 8:27 AM
In this work, we also explored the use of Reflexive Thematic Analysis in health policy analysis to better situate power & positionalities, develop analytical depth and generate coherent yet multi-dimensional themes.
Hope this will be of interest! 😊 @ginnybraun.bsky.social @vicclarke.bsky.social
Hope this will be of interest! 😊 @ginnybraun.bsky.social @vicclarke.bsky.social
📢 New publication
🔎 We conducted a retrospective health policy analysis to explore why the deployment of #CommunityPharmacy for #COVID19 #vaccination in Ireland was delayed.
🏫 @tcdsociology.bsky.social @ucdsociology.bsky.social @uclglobalhealth.bsky.social
🔗 doi.org/10.1177/1049...
🧵👇
/1
🔎 We conducted a retrospective health policy analysis to explore why the deployment of #CommunityPharmacy for #COVID19 #vaccination in Ireland was delayed.
🏫 @tcdsociology.bsky.social @ucdsociology.bsky.social @uclglobalhealth.bsky.social
🔗 doi.org/10.1177/1049...
🧵👇
/1
February 4, 2025 at 8:24 AM
📢 New publication
🔎 We conducted a retrospective health policy analysis to explore why the deployment of #CommunityPharmacy for #COVID19 #vaccination in Ireland was delayed.
🏫 @tcdsociology.bsky.social @ucdsociology.bsky.social @uclglobalhealth.bsky.social
🔗 doi.org/10.1177/1049...
🧵👇
/1
🔎 We conducted a retrospective health policy analysis to explore why the deployment of #CommunityPharmacy for #COVID19 #vaccination in Ireland was delayed.
🏫 @tcdsociology.bsky.social @ucdsociology.bsky.social @uclglobalhealth.bsky.social
🔗 doi.org/10.1177/1049...
🧵👇
/1
Reposted by Aaron Koay
New paper published in Social Science and Medicine 'An analysis of intersectional disparities in alcohol consumption in the US'. Led by @sophiebright.bsky.social, this study identifies several understudied groups who may have higher alcohol consumption than traditional methods would suggest.
An analysis of intersectional disparities in alcohol consumption in the US
Alcohol is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths in the United States (US). Prior research has demonstrated that alcohol consumption and rel…
www.sciencedirect.com
November 19, 2024 at 11:23 AM
New paper published in Social Science and Medicine 'An analysis of intersectional disparities in alcohol consumption in the US'. Led by @sophiebright.bsky.social, this study identifies several understudied groups who may have higher alcohol consumption than traditional methods would suggest.
Reposted by Aaron Koay
New research by @alainakinol.bsky.social and colleagues:
"Networks of climate obstruction: Discourses of denial and delay in US fossil energy, plastic, and agrichemical industries"
journals.plos.org/climate/arti...
@jenniecstephens.bsky.social
"Networks of climate obstruction: Discourses of denial and delay in US fossil energy, plastic, and agrichemical industries"
journals.plos.org/climate/arti...
@jenniecstephens.bsky.social
Networks of climate obstruction: Discourses of denial and delay in US fossil energy, plastic, and agrichemical industries
The use of fossil-derived hydrocarbons in fossil energy, plastic production, and agriculture makes these three sectors mutually reinforcing and reliant on sustained fossil fuel extraction. In this pap...
journals.plos.org
January 17, 2025 at 12:32 PM
New research by @alainakinol.bsky.social and colleagues:
"Networks of climate obstruction: Discourses of denial and delay in US fossil energy, plastic, and agrichemical industries"
journals.plos.org/climate/arti...
@jenniecstephens.bsky.social
"Networks of climate obstruction: Discourses of denial and delay in US fossil energy, plastic, and agrichemical industries"
journals.plos.org/climate/arti...
@jenniecstephens.bsky.social
Reposted by Aaron Koay
"Despite growing mainstream recognition that contemporary health inequalities stem from the colonial world order, actual changes remain elusive" say Park Seohwa & Collective Member @hare0416.bsky.social. They reflect on the South Korean case.
Read their blog post: www.sum.uio.no/english/rese...
Read their blog post: www.sum.uio.no/english/rese...
Where is The Spider in Global Health's Web? Confronting Colonial Matrix of Power
- Centre for Development and the Environment
www.sum.uio.no
January 14, 2025 at 11:01 AM
"Despite growing mainstream recognition that contemporary health inequalities stem from the colonial world order, actual changes remain elusive" say Park Seohwa & Collective Member @hare0416.bsky.social. They reflect on the South Korean case.
Read their blog post: www.sum.uio.no/english/rese...
Read their blog post: www.sum.uio.no/english/rese...