The policy aimed to increase the transparency of research in humans but created “a bureaucratic nightmare” for basic neuroscientists.

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Functionally active and passive states in working memory have been related to different neural mechanisms. Memoranda in active states might be maintained by persistent neural firing, whereas memoranda in passive states might be maintained through short-term synaptic plasticity. We reasoned that this might make these items differentially susceptible to interference during maintenance, in particular that passively maintained items might be more robust. To test this hypothesis, we gave our participants a working memory task in which one item was prioritised (active) by always probing it first, while the other item was deprioritised (passive) by always probing it second. In two experiments, on half the trials, we presented an interfering task during memory maintenance, in which the stimuli matched either the feature dimension of the memory items (colour or orientation), or their spatial location. Whether the interfering task appeared on a given trial was unpredictable. In a third experiment where participants were given prior knowledge of the interference condition, and finally in a fourth experiment we used a reward-based prioritisation cue. Across experiments, we found that both active and passive memory items were affected by interference to a similar extent, with overall performance being closely matched in all experiments. We further investigated precision and probability of target response parameters from the standard mixture model, which also showed no differences between states. We conclude that active and passive items, although potentially stored in different neuronal states, do not show differential susceptibility to interference. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

Episodic memories are segmented. This study explores the dual role of prior knowledge in event segmentation, hypothesizing that knowledge leads to coarser segmentation when experiences align with it, ...

Writing to retain the practice of thought

Site: The Brigham and Women's Hospital, Inc. Mass General Brigham relies on a wide range of professionals, including doctors, nurses, business people, tech experts, researchers, and systems analysts t...

The Attention, Distractions, and Memory (ADAM) Lab at Rice University is recruiting a full-time Research Specialist (Research Specialist I). The ADAM Lab (PI: Kirsten Adam) conducts cognitive neurosci...

A collection of publicly available working memory datasets

The Department of Psychology at the University of Zurich invites applications for a tenured Lecturer Research position for «Psychological Data Management and -Stewardship». We are seeking an enthusias...