Understanding an actor’s influence in sustainability interventions, and thus their agency, is gaining attention in sustainability science. However, coherent approaches to characterize and analyze networks of influence remain scarce. We propose an actor-process network approach to assess five types of agency based on capitals: allocating human resources, enacting political relevance, influencing financial flows, providing physical goods and assets, and steering social-ecological discourse. Our approach can contribute to discussions on how to distribute roles and responsibilities between diverse actors involved in sustainability transformations.

Nature’s contributions to people (NCP) provided by forests are co-produced by an interplay of natural and anthropogenic capitals, including human, social, physical, and financial capital, which are in...