Review of the emerging understanding of trained immunity in the skin and how infection-driven cellular processes induce long-lasting immune adaptation and modulate skin barrier integrity.

Specialized macrophages are known to persist within tissue niches, but the molecular mechanisms guiding their sustained functional adaptation remain unclear. Kolter and Döring et al. show that local interactions between sensory nerves and macrophages activate TGF-β, which imprints and maintains nerve-associated macrophages that contribute to regeneration after tissue injury.

Intradermal BCG does not sufficiently protect adults from Mtb; in preclinical models, adult protection improves if BCG is administered intravenously. But n