Lameen Souag
@lameensouag.bsky.social
Linguist, mainly focused on historical change and contact in northern Africa (Arabic, Berber, Songhay - and now Nilotic...)
Reposted by Lameen Souag
Postdoctoral Researcher in Linguistics at the Center for the Human Past, "historical linguistics pertaining to one or more language families of Africa, Oceania, and Eurasia" desired: www.uu.se/en/about-uu/...
Postdoctoral Researcher in Linguistics at the Center for the Human Past - Uppsala University
Postdoctoral Researcher in Linguistics at the Center for the Human Past, Department of Linguistics and Philology, Uppsala University
www.uu.se
November 10, 2025 at 9:58 AM
Postdoctoral Researcher in Linguistics at the Center for the Human Past, "historical linguistics pertaining to one or more language families of Africa, Oceania, and Eurasia" desired: www.uu.se/en/about-uu/...
Non-trivial West Nilotic cognate of the day:
"five"
-Mabaan: d̪ʌʌy-ʌ
-Dholuo: a-biic
"five"
-Mabaan: d̪ʌʌy-ʌ
-Dholuo: a-biic
November 6, 2025 at 6:53 PM
Non-trivial West Nilotic cognate of the day:
"five"
-Mabaan: d̪ʌʌy-ʌ
-Dholuo: a-biic
"five"
-Mabaan: d̪ʌʌy-ʌ
-Dholuo: a-biic
Reposted by Lameen Souag
A short thread on onomastics in Numidian inscriptions (eastern script).
Indexes of names in eastern Numidian inscriptions (Chabot 1940, Rebuffat 2018) provide us with an almost ridiculous number of different names. I wondered if this is correct, or if this is due to the messiness of the corpus.
Indexes of names in eastern Numidian inscriptions (Chabot 1940, Rebuffat 2018) provide us with an almost ridiculous number of different names. I wondered if this is correct, or if this is due to the messiness of the corpus.
November 6, 2025 at 2:19 PM
A short thread on onomastics in Numidian inscriptions (eastern script).
Indexes of names in eastern Numidian inscriptions (Chabot 1940, Rebuffat 2018) provide us with an almost ridiculous number of different names. I wondered if this is correct, or if this is due to the messiness of the corpus.
Indexes of names in eastern Numidian inscriptions (Chabot 1940, Rebuffat 2018) provide us with an almost ridiculous number of different names. I wondered if this is correct, or if this is due to the messiness of the corpus.
This article contains the longest consonant cluster I've ever come across in a Semitic language other than Moroccan Arabic, from a Hebrew article written in 1897:
hit-ašknz-u "they Germanised", a denominal verb from Ashkenaz (which, in this context, meant "Germany")
hit-ašknz-u "they Germanised", a denominal verb from Ashkenaz (which, in this context, meant "Germany")
In a new article (open access!) I argue that the Ottoman state played a crucial role in creating Ashkenazi identity in Jerusalem - as an overarching category for Yiddish speaking Jews from Central and East European countries.
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10....
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10....
The Ottoman Production of Ashkenazi Identity
The familiar grouping of Yiddish speaking Jews of Central and Eastern Europe into the single overarching identity of ‘Ashkenazim’, emerged initially in multi-lingual Jewish contexts. This article e...
www.tandfonline.com
November 4, 2025 at 10:12 AM
This article contains the longest consonant cluster I've ever come across in a Semitic language other than Moroccan Arabic, from a Hebrew article written in 1897:
hit-ašknz-u "they Germanised", a denominal verb from Ashkenaz (which, in this context, meant "Germany")
hit-ašknz-u "they Germanised", a denominal verb from Ashkenaz (which, in this context, meant "Germany")
Reposted by Lameen Souag
Some years ago, I started compiling all the ancient inscriptions from Minorca to publish a corpus with archaeologist Joan C de Nicolás. I couldn’t imagine the surprises it would bring me. In the top, the Paleo-Amazigh personal names we published with Carles Múrcia:
www.academia.edu/50839352/Lep...
www.academia.edu/50839352/Lep...
L'epigrafia antiga dels hipogeus de Menorca [Ancient epigraphy on the hypogea of Menorca]
[ENG] This paper gathers 22 inscriptions (some of them unpublished) dated to Roman period and read on the walls of 11 hypogea from Minorca (Balearic Islands). Although they share a similar context, th...
www.academia.edu
October 21, 2025 at 4:10 PM
Some years ago, I started compiling all the ancient inscriptions from Minorca to publish a corpus with archaeologist Joan C de Nicolás. I couldn’t imagine the surprises it would bring me. In the top, the Paleo-Amazigh personal names we published with Carles Múrcia:
www.academia.edu/50839352/Lep...
www.academia.edu/50839352/Lep...
Reposted by Lameen Souag
Another reason to study Sībawayh: Not only are his linguistic descriptions completely alien to a western paradigm, but *also* what he actually describes as Arabic is extremely worth actually studying. It's much broader than the strict norms of Classical Arabic western scholars usually assume.
Why study Sībawayhi? Simple answer: he will make your head explode. All that stuff your fancy Western education has taught you about language - gone! Right down to the most basic concepts. Take “verbal mood” for example. Seems trivially obvious, yet he had no such concept.
November 4, 2025 at 8:00 AM
Another reason to study Sībawayh: Not only are his linguistic descriptions completely alien to a western paradigm, but *also* what he actually describes as Arabic is extremely worth actually studying. It's much broader than the strict norms of Classical Arabic western scholars usually assume.
From a Songhay cultural group on Facebook:
"Today, Friday, let us put our siblings who are in Sudan, and all the land of Sudan - especially Al Fashir, in Darfur - in our prayers: may God hold their hand in the situation they are in..."
"Today, Friday, let us put our siblings who are in Sudan, and all the land of Sudan - especially Al Fashir, in Darfur - in our prayers: may God hold their hand in the situation they are in..."
November 1, 2025 at 7:44 AM
From a Songhay cultural group on Facebook:
"Today, Friday, let us put our siblings who are in Sudan, and all the land of Sudan - especially Al Fashir, in Darfur - in our prayers: may God hold their hand in the situation they are in..."
"Today, Friday, let us put our siblings who are in Sudan, and all the land of Sudan - especially Al Fashir, in Darfur - in our prayers: may God hold their hand in the situation they are in..."
Reposted by Lameen Souag
📢📢 APPEL À PROJETS 2025/2026 📢📢
✨AZUL!✨
Vous avez un projet de documentation ou de numérisation de connaissances ou pratiques ancestrales #amazighes et vous avez besoin de soutien financier et logistique ? L’appel EMKP vient d’être lancé.
➡️ tr.ee/aY2MqPXMZW
Suivez les RS de l’EMKP pour +d’infos
✨AZUL!✨
Vous avez un projet de documentation ou de numérisation de connaissances ou pratiques ancestrales #amazighes et vous avez besoin de soutien financier et logistique ? L’appel EMKP vient d’être lancé.
➡️ tr.ee/aY2MqPXMZW
Suivez les RS de l’EMKP pour +d’infos
October 31, 2025 at 11:54 AM
📢📢 APPEL À PROJETS 2025/2026 📢📢
✨AZUL!✨
Vous avez un projet de documentation ou de numérisation de connaissances ou pratiques ancestrales #amazighes et vous avez besoin de soutien financier et logistique ? L’appel EMKP vient d’être lancé.
➡️ tr.ee/aY2MqPXMZW
Suivez les RS de l’EMKP pour +d’infos
✨AZUL!✨
Vous avez un projet de documentation ou de numérisation de connaissances ou pratiques ancestrales #amazighes et vous avez besoin de soutien financier et logistique ? L’appel EMKP vient d’être lancé.
➡️ tr.ee/aY2MqPXMZW
Suivez les RS de l’EMKP pour +d’infos
Apparently our collective capabilities are so amazing that we can see spilled blood from space now, but still can't lift a hand to stop the killers.
www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/10...
www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/10...
October 30, 2025 at 11:54 AM
Apparently our collective capabilities are so amazing that we can see spilled blood from space now, but still can't lift a hand to stop the killers.
www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/10...
www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/10...
Reposted by Lameen Souag
Kinship terminology rarely perfectly reflects biological kinship. The root meaning of the Indo-European word "mother" isn't even "biological mother". The ancestral Indo-European system, the patrilineal Omaha system, calls your mother's sister and all women on mother's side "mother" (B in diagram).
October 29, 2025 at 8:24 AM
Kinship terminology rarely perfectly reflects biological kinship. The root meaning of the Indo-European word "mother" isn't even "biological mother". The ancestral Indo-European system, the patrilineal Omaha system, calls your mother's sister and all women on mother's side "mother" (B in diagram).
Reposted by Lameen Souag
Some further thought about BNS in Numidian inscriptions
The term is mostly interpreted as “his stone”, but Rössler suggests that “his wife” would be better (unbeknownst to him, it even could make sense etymologically)
Personally, I find this unexpected for a grave stone, but that is irrelevant.
The term is mostly interpreted as “his stone”, but Rössler suggests that “his wife” would be better (unbeknownst to him, it even could make sense etymologically)
Personally, I find this unexpected for a grave stone, but that is irrelevant.
some incoherent thoughts about Numidian BNS.
in funerary inscriptions in the eastern script (the one we can read), the term BNS appears about 228 times, making it the most frequent word in the corpus.
The literature normally interprets it as BN-S "his/her stone" with the Amazigh 3S suffix -s.
in funerary inscriptions in the eastern script (the one we can read), the term BNS appears about 228 times, making it the most frequent word in the corpus.
The literature normally interprets it as BN-S "his/her stone" with the Amazigh 3S suffix -s.
October 28, 2025 at 5:54 PM
Some further thought about BNS in Numidian inscriptions
The term is mostly interpreted as “his stone”, but Rössler suggests that “his wife” would be better (unbeknownst to him, it even could make sense etymologically)
Personally, I find this unexpected for a grave stone, but that is irrelevant.
The term is mostly interpreted as “his stone”, but Rössler suggests that “his wife” would be better (unbeknownst to him, it even could make sense etymologically)
Personally, I find this unexpected for a grave stone, but that is irrelevant.
So apparently some idiot decided that what Wikipedia really needed more of was Nazi-positive LLM output.
Had a look...
"Dholuo" - copied from WP.
"Dellys" - doesn't exist (!)
"Al-Busiri" - copied from WP, with two paragraphs added.
"Siwi language" - _not_ copied from WP, and a big mess...
Had a look...
"Dholuo" - copied from WP.
"Dellys" - doesn't exist (!)
"Al-Busiri" - copied from WP, with two paragraphs added.
"Siwi language" - _not_ copied from WP, and a big mess...
October 28, 2025 at 11:28 AM
So apparently some idiot decided that what Wikipedia really needed more of was Nazi-positive LLM output.
Had a look...
"Dholuo" - copied from WP.
"Dellys" - doesn't exist (!)
"Al-Busiri" - copied from WP, with two paragraphs added.
"Siwi language" - _not_ copied from WP, and a big mess...
Had a look...
"Dholuo" - copied from WP.
"Dellys" - doesn't exist (!)
"Al-Busiri" - copied from WP, with two paragraphs added.
"Siwi language" - _not_ copied from WP, and a big mess...
From a Dholuo dictionary.
The only place I can actually think of where this principle doesn't hold is some contemporary Anglo communities (going back at least to C. S. Lewis' time); any other candidates?
The only place I can actually think of where this principle doesn't hold is some contemporary Anglo communities (going back at least to C. S. Lewis' time); any other candidates?
October 28, 2025 at 9:37 AM
From a Dholuo dictionary.
The only place I can actually think of where this principle doesn't hold is some contemporary Anglo communities (going back at least to C. S. Lewis' time); any other candidates?
The only place I can actually think of where this principle doesn't hold is some contemporary Anglo communities (going back at least to C. S. Lewis' time); any other candidates?
There are plenty of obstacles universities face, but "closed for lack of fuel because of a rebel blockade" is one you don't hear every day. Best wishes to our colleagues in Mali, and to everyone else caught up in this civil war.
Au Mali, les militaires obligés de fermer les écoles et les universités à cause de la pénurie de carburant
Au Mali, les militaires obligés de fermer les écoles et les universités à cause de la pénurie de carburant
www.lemonde.fr
October 27, 2025 at 2:03 PM
There are plenty of obstacles universities face, but "closed for lack of fuel because of a rebel blockade" is one you don't hear every day. Best wishes to our colleagues in Mali, and to everyone else caught up in this civil war.
Reposted by Lameen Souag
Today in Chintabaraden there was a ceremony for the new chief of the Ibarkorayan Acharifan.
In Tamajeq this kind of ceremony is called tangaṭ (the veiling) .
In Tamajeq this kind of ceremony is called tangaṭ (the veiling) .
October 26, 2025 at 10:58 PM
Today in Chintabaraden there was a ceremony for the new chief of the Ibarkorayan Acharifan.
In Tamajeq this kind of ceremony is called tangaṭ (the veiling) .
In Tamajeq this kind of ceremony is called tangaṭ (the veiling) .
Reposted by Lameen Souag
Profile of Nick Evans, who just won the British Academy's Neil and Saras Smith medal for lifetime achievement in linguistics
@theobserveruk.bsky.social @britishacademy.bsky.social
observer.co.uk/news/science...
@theobserveruk.bsky.social @britishacademy.bsky.social
observer.co.uk/news/science...
Cracking the code of Papua New Guinea’s undocumented lang...
Nicholas Evans has spent decades trying to decipher the undocumented tongues of Papua New Guinea and Australia. His work has redefined the way we think a...
observer.co.uk
October 26, 2025 at 9:02 AM
Profile of Nick Evans, who just won the British Academy's Neil and Saras Smith medal for lifetime achievement in linguistics
@theobserveruk.bsky.social @britishacademy.bsky.social
observer.co.uk/news/science...
@theobserveruk.bsky.social @britishacademy.bsky.social
observer.co.uk/news/science...
Been reading some of Leo Frobenius' _Voice of Africa_ (1913).
Wow, this guy was racist even by early 20th c. standards - his WP entry is very sanitized, and I suspect it's lucky for his reputation that he died before WWII.
But he was racist in a curiously flattering way...
Wow, this guy was racist even by early 20th c. standards - his WP entry is very sanitized, and I suspect it's lucky for his reputation that he died before WWII.
But he was racist in a curiously flattering way...
October 25, 2025 at 7:26 PM
Been reading some of Leo Frobenius' _Voice of Africa_ (1913).
Wow, this guy was racist even by early 20th c. standards - his WP entry is very sanitized, and I suspect it's lucky for his reputation that he died before WWII.
But he was racist in a curiously flattering way...
Wow, this guy was racist even by early 20th c. standards - his WP entry is very sanitized, and I suspect it's lucky for his reputation that he died before WWII.
But he was racist in a curiously flattering way...
Reposted by Lameen Souag
Thz name of Jujube fruit
#Tamacheq : abaka
#Tamajeq : azəggar
#Tetserret : ažwar
#Tadaksahak : ažwar
#Tagdalt : ažwar
#Tamacheq : abaka
#Tamajeq : azəggar
#Tetserret : ažwar
#Tadaksahak : ažwar
#Tagdalt : ažwar
October 24, 2025 at 10:30 PM
Thz name of Jujube fruit
#Tamacheq : abaka
#Tamajeq : azəggar
#Tetserret : ažwar
#Tadaksahak : ažwar
#Tagdalt : ažwar
#Tamacheq : abaka
#Tamajeq : azəggar
#Tetserret : ažwar
#Tadaksahak : ažwar
#Tagdalt : ažwar
Reposted by Lameen Souag
An Ayt Hdiddu Text (Bynon)
Maš da ttinin mddn adday da tsawal tslmya ž tmẓy ns ž wr ssin mddn mayd ttini: hat aynnaɣ ayd yžan da tsawal d lmalayša
"But people say when a baby is speaking in its early days and people do not know what it is saying: "Look at what it's doing, it's speaking with Angels!"
Maš da ttinin mddn adday da tsawal tslmya ž tmẓy ns ž wr ssin mddn mayd ttini: hat aynnaɣ ayd yžan da tsawal d lmalayša
"But people say when a baby is speaking in its early days and people do not know what it is saying: "Look at what it's doing, it's speaking with Angels!"
October 22, 2025 at 8:50 AM
An Ayt Hdiddu Text (Bynon)
Maš da ttinin mddn adday da tsawal tslmya ž tmẓy ns ž wr ssin mddn mayd ttini: hat aynnaɣ ayd yžan da tsawal d lmalayša
"But people say when a baby is speaking in its early days and people do not know what it is saying: "Look at what it's doing, it's speaking with Angels!"
Maš da ttinin mddn adday da tsawal tslmya ž tmẓy ns ž wr ssin mddn mayd ttini: hat aynnaɣ ayd yžan da tsawal d lmalayša
"But people say when a baby is speaking in its early days and people do not know what it is saying: "Look at what it's doing, it's speaking with Angels!"
Reposted by Lameen Souag
The name of some groups in
Tamajeq / Tetserret :
kǝl ǝɣlal = id baba n eɣlel
attawari = daktawari
The name of idaksahak is probably from a language closer to Tetserret and it's equivalent in tamajeq is dawsahak .
Tamajeq / Tetserret :
kǝl ǝɣlal = id baba n eɣlel
attawari = daktawari
The name of idaksahak is probably from a language closer to Tetserret and it's equivalent in tamajeq is dawsahak .
October 21, 2025 at 7:52 PM
The name of some groups in
Tamajeq / Tetserret :
kǝl ǝɣlal = id baba n eɣlel
attawari = daktawari
The name of idaksahak is probably from a language closer to Tetserret and it's equivalent in tamajeq is dawsahak .
Tamajeq / Tetserret :
kǝl ǝɣlal = id baba n eɣlel
attawari = daktawari
The name of idaksahak is probably from a language closer to Tetserret and it's equivalent in tamajeq is dawsahak .
Reposted by Lameen Souag
New #OpenAccess paper on what 'first', 'second', 'third' tell us about the #Semitic family tree, including new evidence for Aramaeo-Canaanite! Note that unfortunately, the names of Ethiopian scholars have been metathesized, something that will hopefully be remedied before the final print version. 🐦🐦
Ordinal Numerals as a Criterion for Subclassification: The Case of Semitic
This article explores how ordinal numerals (like first, second and third) can help classify languages, focusing on the Semitic language family. Ordinals are often formed according to productive deriv....
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
October 21, 2025 at 7:51 AM
New #OpenAccess paper on what 'first', 'second', 'third' tell us about the #Semitic family tree, including new evidence for Aramaeo-Canaanite! Note that unfortunately, the names of Ethiopian scholars have been metathesized, something that will hopefully be remedied before the final print version. 🐦🐦
Reposted by Lameen Souag
evidence of much older gene flow from Africa to Iberia from four human remains from northern Portugal and southern Spain, dated around 4000 years BP
3600 yBP individual from Córdoba was assigned to L2a1 l
royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/...
3600 yBP individual from Córdoba was assigned to L2a1 l
royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/...
October 21, 2025 at 2:58 PM
evidence of much older gene flow from Africa to Iberia from four human remains from northern Portugal and southern Spain, dated around 4000 years BP
3600 yBP individual from Córdoba was assigned to L2a1 l
royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/...
3600 yBP individual from Córdoba was assigned to L2a1 l
royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/...
Alur is the first language I've looked at seriously which has an inherited word for "gorilla":
bím "gorilla"
bím mɪ́lùl "forest gorilla"
bím mɪ́gɔ̀t "mountain gorilla"
It didn't always mean this, though; proto-Lwoo was spoken much further north, and its Anywa cognate, bīm, means "baboon".
(img: WP)
bím "gorilla"
bím mɪ́lùl "forest gorilla"
bím mɪ́gɔ̀t "mountain gorilla"
It didn't always mean this, though; proto-Lwoo was spoken much further north, and its Anywa cognate, bīm, means "baboon".
(img: WP)
October 21, 2025 at 6:30 AM
Alur is the first language I've looked at seriously which has an inherited word for "gorilla":
bím "gorilla"
bím mɪ́lùl "forest gorilla"
bím mɪ́gɔ̀t "mountain gorilla"
It didn't always mean this, though; proto-Lwoo was spoken much further north, and its Anywa cognate, bīm, means "baboon".
(img: WP)
bím "gorilla"
bím mɪ́lùl "forest gorilla"
bím mɪ́gɔ̀t "mountain gorilla"
It didn't always mean this, though; proto-Lwoo was spoken much further north, and its Anywa cognate, bīm, means "baboon".
(img: WP)
A Syrian immigrant to Algeria switching dialects.
"ʔaṛʊḥ ʕala sūriya ʔaṛūḥ abā ṛažaʕ? ʕābak ṛānī nʔīmāžīnīha fī moxxī mahīš tətʔīmīžīna mʕāya."
"Me, go to Syria and not come back? Y'know, I'm imagining it in my mind and it's not getting imagined with me."
www.instagram.com/reel/DLiPPyC...
"ʔaṛʊḥ ʕala sūriya ʔaṛūḥ abā ṛažaʕ? ʕābak ṛānī nʔīmāžīnīha fī moxxī mahīš tətʔīmīžīna mʕāya."
"Me, go to Syria and not come back? Y'know, I'm imagining it in my mind and it's not getting imagined with me."
www.instagram.com/reel/DLiPPyC...
yalshekh on Instagram: "ربيت الكبدة 🇩🇿🇸🇾#سوريا #الجزائر #سوري_مفلاشي #syria #algeria #ليزهومس #ثقافة #لهجةView all 3,888 comments"
ربيت الكبدة 🇩🇿🇸🇾#سوريا #الجزائر #سوري_مفلاشي #syria #algeria #ليزهومس #ثقافة #لهجةView all 3,888 comments
www.instagram.com
October 19, 2025 at 6:20 PM
A Syrian immigrant to Algeria switching dialects.
"ʔaṛʊḥ ʕala sūriya ʔaṛūḥ abā ṛažaʕ? ʕābak ṛānī nʔīmāžīnīha fī moxxī mahīš tətʔīmīžīna mʕāya."
"Me, go to Syria and not come back? Y'know, I'm imagining it in my mind and it's not getting imagined with me."
www.instagram.com/reel/DLiPPyC...
"ʔaṛʊḥ ʕala sūriya ʔaṛūḥ abā ṛažaʕ? ʕābak ṛānī nʔīmāžīnīha fī moxxī mahīš tətʔīmīžīna mʕāya."
"Me, go to Syria and not come back? Y'know, I'm imagining it in my mind and it's not getting imagined with me."
www.instagram.com/reel/DLiPPyC...
Reposted by Lameen Souag
A 3,300 year-old Egyptian-Akkadian vocabulary from Amarna, with Egyptian words written in cuneiform
ši-na-aḫ=šnꜥ (unit of weight)
ši-na-aḫ-wu₄=šnꜥwj (dual of šnꜥ)
ḫa-am-tu₄ šu-nu-uḫ=ḫmtw šnꜥw (three šnꜥ)
…
na-ab-na-su=nꜣ bnšw (the doorposts)
DU-as-bu=tꜣ jsbt (the chair)
pa-ḫa-tu₄=pꜣ ḥꜥtj (the bed)
ši-na-aḫ=šnꜥ (unit of weight)
ši-na-aḫ-wu₄=šnꜥwj (dual of šnꜥ)
ḫa-am-tu₄ šu-nu-uḫ=ḫmtw šnꜥw (three šnꜥ)
…
na-ab-na-su=nꜣ bnšw (the doorposts)
DU-as-bu=tꜣ jsbt (the chair)
pa-ḫa-tu₄=pꜣ ḥꜥtj (the bed)
October 19, 2025 at 3:00 PM
A 3,300 year-old Egyptian-Akkadian vocabulary from Amarna, with Egyptian words written in cuneiform
ši-na-aḫ=šnꜥ (unit of weight)
ši-na-aḫ-wu₄=šnꜥwj (dual of šnꜥ)
ḫa-am-tu₄ šu-nu-uḫ=ḫmtw šnꜥw (three šnꜥ)
…
na-ab-na-su=nꜣ bnšw (the doorposts)
DU-as-bu=tꜣ jsbt (the chair)
pa-ḫa-tu₄=pꜣ ḥꜥtj (the bed)
ši-na-aḫ=šnꜥ (unit of weight)
ši-na-aḫ-wu₄=šnꜥwj (dual of šnꜥ)
ḫa-am-tu₄ šu-nu-uḫ=ḫmtw šnꜥw (three šnꜥ)
…
na-ab-na-su=nꜣ bnšw (the doorposts)
DU-as-bu=tꜣ jsbt (the chair)
pa-ḫa-tu₄=pꜣ ḥꜥtj (the bed)