Ian Hall
@ianhall.bsky.social
Climate scientist, palaeoclimatologist, marine geologist and ageing marathon runner. Prof. @ Cardiff University, views are my own, #FirstGen, He/Him 🏴🇪🇺
Could China, the world’s largest GHG emitter, have already reached or passed its carbon peak thanks to large-scale solar and wind rollouts?
Analysis shows their CO2 emissions have been flat or declining over the past 18 months.
www.theguardian.com/world/2025/n...?
Analysis shows their CO2 emissions have been flat or declining over the past 18 months.
www.theguardian.com/world/2025/n...?
China’s CO2 emissions have been flat or falling for past 18 months, analysis finds
World’s biggest polluter on track to hit peak emissions target early but miss goal for cutting carbon intensity
www.theguardian.com
November 11, 2025 at 9:53 AM
Could China, the world’s largest GHG emitter, have already reached or passed its carbon peak thanks to large-scale solar and wind rollouts?
Analysis shows their CO2 emissions have been flat or declining over the past 18 months.
www.theguardian.com/world/2025/n...?
Analysis shows their CO2 emissions have been flat or declining over the past 18 months.
www.theguardian.com/world/2025/n...?
Tehran may be evacuated as Iran faces worst drought in decades
…over 16 million people in danger of their taps running dry
www.independent.co.uk/news/world/m...
…over 16 million people in danger of their taps running dry
www.independent.co.uk/news/world/m...
Tehran may be evacuated as Iran faces worst drought in decades
Iran is seeing nationwide water shortages with over 16 million people in danger of their taps running dry
www.independent.co.uk
November 10, 2025 at 3:19 PM
Tehran may be evacuated as Iran faces worst drought in decades
…over 16 million people in danger of their taps running dry
www.independent.co.uk/news/world/m...
…over 16 million people in danger of their taps running dry
www.independent.co.uk/news/world/m...
Crisis in Iran as reservoirs supplying Mashhad, the second-largest city with 4 million people, fall below 3%
Authorities warn of an unprecedented drought emergency
www.theguardian.com/world/2025/n...
Authorities warn of an unprecedented drought emergency
www.theguardian.com/world/2025/n...
Water levels below 3% in dam reservoirs for Iran’s second city, say reports
Storage dwindles in Mashhad, home to 4 million people, as country struggles with drought
www.theguardian.com
November 9, 2025 at 5:46 PM
Crisis in Iran as reservoirs supplying Mashhad, the second-largest city with 4 million people, fall below 3%
Authorities warn of an unprecedented drought emergency
www.theguardian.com/world/2025/n...
Authorities warn of an unprecedented drought emergency
www.theguardian.com/world/2025/n...
A COP30 reality check:
Warming is 50% faster than early 2000s
Sea-level rise accelerating
Coral collapse = first climate tipping point
The next 10 years? Make or break
www.reuters.com/sustainabili...
Warming is 50% faster than early 2000s
Sea-level rise accelerating
Coral collapse = first climate tipping point
The next 10 years? Make or break
www.reuters.com/sustainabili...
www.reuters.com
November 9, 2025 at 5:01 PM
A COP30 reality check:
Warming is 50% faster than early 2000s
Sea-level rise accelerating
Coral collapse = first climate tipping point
The next 10 years? Make or break
www.reuters.com/sustainabili...
Warming is 50% faster than early 2000s
Sea-level rise accelerating
Coral collapse = first climate tipping point
The next 10 years? Make or break
www.reuters.com/sustainabili...
When climate scientists say an outcome is “unlikely,” do you hear “it probably won’t happen” or “scientists aren’t sure”?
A new study shows word choice can influence perception of scientific consensus
Does “a small probability” sound more confident to you?
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
A new study shows word choice can influence perception of scientific consensus
Does “a small probability” sound more confident to you?
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Negative verbal probabilities undermine communication of climate science - Nature Climate Change
Effective communication of uncertainty is vital for public accurate understanding of climate science. Here the authors find that projections using positive probability terms (for example, a small prob...
www.nature.com
November 9, 2025 at 5:56 AM
When climate scientists say an outcome is “unlikely,” do you hear “it probably won’t happen” or “scientists aren’t sure”?
A new study shows word choice can influence perception of scientific consensus
Does “a small probability” sound more confident to you?
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
A new study shows word choice can influence perception of scientific consensus
Does “a small probability” sound more confident to you?
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Climate tipping points are close: scientists urge radical action before it’s too late
Tipping point risks are interconnected. Most interactions among them are destabilising, meaning that tipping one system into disaster makes tipping another more likely.
theconversation.com/climate-tipp...
Tipping point risks are interconnected. Most interactions among them are destabilising, meaning that tipping one system into disaster makes tipping another more likely.
theconversation.com/climate-tipp...
Climate tipping points are close: scientists urge radical action before it’s too late
Dangerous climate tipping points will threaten food, water and coastlines. They’re irreversible and only radically accelerated climate action can stop them now.
theconversation.com
November 9, 2025 at 5:46 AM
Climate tipping points are close: scientists urge radical action before it’s too late
Tipping point risks are interconnected. Most interactions among them are destabilising, meaning that tipping one system into disaster makes tipping another more likely.
theconversation.com/climate-tipp...
Tipping point risks are interconnected. Most interactions among them are destabilising, meaning that tipping one system into disaster makes tipping another more likely.
theconversation.com/climate-tipp...
NHS Wales cut emissions from buildings and transport by 23%, yet total carbon output rose 20% since 2018–19 due to supply chains
Green procurement is key to the Future Generations Act: greener suppliers mean greener healthcare
www.bbc.co.uk/news/article...
Green procurement is key to the Future Generations Act: greener suppliers mean greener healthcare
www.bbc.co.uk/news/article...
NHS Wales carbon emissions rise by 20% over past five years
The rise comes despite targets to reduce emissions by 16%, with NHS Wales blaming outside suppliers.
www.bbc.co.uk
November 8, 2025 at 6:28 PM
NHS Wales cut emissions from buildings and transport by 23%, yet total carbon output rose 20% since 2018–19 due to supply chains
Green procurement is key to the Future Generations Act: greener suppliers mean greener healthcare
www.bbc.co.uk/news/article...
Green procurement is key to the Future Generations Act: greener suppliers mean greener healthcare
www.bbc.co.uk/news/article...
🌊Substantially underestimated winter CO2 sources of the Southern Ocean
Satellite LIDAR + machine learning reassess SO CO2 fluxes (2007–2020)
Outgassing south of 50°S may be ~40% higher than thought...
Winter processes + SAM drive alternating uptake/outgassing
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
Satellite LIDAR + machine learning reassess SO CO2 fluxes (2007–2020)
Outgassing south of 50°S may be ~40% higher than thought...
Winter processes + SAM drive alternating uptake/outgassing
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
Substantially underestimated winter CO2 sources of the Southern Ocean
Satellite LIDAR and machine learning reveal stronger winter CO2 outgassing and shifting sinks in the Southern Ocean.
www.science.org
November 8, 2025 at 6:04 PM
🌊Substantially underestimated winter CO2 sources of the Southern Ocean
Satellite LIDAR + machine learning reassess SO CO2 fluxes (2007–2020)
Outgassing south of 50°S may be ~40% higher than thought...
Winter processes + SAM drive alternating uptake/outgassing
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
Satellite LIDAR + machine learning reassess SO CO2 fluxes (2007–2020)
Outgassing south of 50°S may be ~40% higher than thought...
Winter processes + SAM drive alternating uptake/outgassing
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
Rethinking policy on high mountain cascading hazards
Warming is destabilising glaciers in mountain regions, triggering cascading hazards, from glacier collapse to downstream flooding.
Climate impacts are interconnected, not isolated.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Warming is destabilising glaciers in mountain regions, triggering cascading hazards, from glacier collapse to downstream flooding.
Climate impacts are interconnected, not isolated.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Rethinking policy on high mountain cascading hazards - Nature Geoscience
Nature Geoscience - Rethinking policy on high mountain cascading hazards
www.nature.com
November 8, 2025 at 5:59 PM
Rethinking policy on high mountain cascading hazards
Warming is destabilising glaciers in mountain regions, triggering cascading hazards, from glacier collapse to downstream flooding.
Climate impacts are interconnected, not isolated.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Warming is destabilising glaciers in mountain regions, triggering cascading hazards, from glacier collapse to downstream flooding.
Climate impacts are interconnected, not isolated.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Emerging evidence shows the Antarctic is entering an abrupt regime shift: record-low sea ice, slowing overturning circulation, and rising risk of West Antarctic Ice Sheet tipping
Interacting feedbacks may trigger global cascades, staying near 1.5 °C is critical
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Interacting feedbacks may trigger global cascades, staying near 1.5 °C is critical
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Emerging evidence of abrupt changes in the Antarctic environment - Nature
Abrupt changes are developing across Antarctica’s ice, ocean and biological systems; some of these changes are intensifying faster than equivalent Arctic changes, potentially irreversibly, and their i...
www.nature.com
November 8, 2025 at 5:35 AM
Emerging evidence shows the Antarctic is entering an abrupt regime shift: record-low sea ice, slowing overturning circulation, and rising risk of West Antarctic Ice Sheet tipping
Interacting feedbacks may trigger global cascades, staying near 1.5 °C is critical
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Interacting feedbacks may trigger global cascades, staying near 1.5 °C is critical
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
🌊 Turbulent isopycnal mixing dominates thermohaline transformations of intermediate ocean waters
…5× stronger than diapycnal ones, with ~67% in the Southern Ocean
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
…5× stronger than diapycnal ones, with ~67% in the Southern Ocean
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Turbulent isopycnal mixing dominates thermohaline transformations of intermediate ocean waters - Nature Communications
Based on deep ocean observations, temperature and salinity transformations along density surfaces, which do not disturb the ocean dynamics, are more important than their across density equivalents.
www.nature.com
November 8, 2025 at 5:27 AM
🌊 Turbulent isopycnal mixing dominates thermohaline transformations of intermediate ocean waters
…5× stronger than diapycnal ones, with ~67% in the Southern Ocean
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
…5× stronger than diapycnal ones, with ~67% in the Southern Ocean
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Reposted by Ian Hall
Today the 2025 State of the Cryosphere report was published by over 50 leading cryosphere scientists.
An urgent warning about the global consequences of the meltdown of ice, including the risk of shutdown of the Atlantic Ocean current system #AMOC. 🌊
iccinet.org/statecryo25/
An urgent warning about the global consequences of the meltdown of ice, including the risk of shutdown of the Atlantic Ocean current system #AMOC. 🌊
iccinet.org/statecryo25/
November 6, 2025 at 10:43 PM
Today the 2025 State of the Cryosphere report was published by over 50 leading cryosphere scientists.
An urgent warning about the global consequences of the meltdown of ice, including the risk of shutdown of the Atlantic Ocean current system #AMOC. 🌊
iccinet.org/statecryo25/
An urgent warning about the global consequences of the meltdown of ice, including the risk of shutdown of the Atlantic Ocean current system #AMOC. 🌊
iccinet.org/statecryo25/
State of Wildfires 2024–25:
👉 Global fire emissions hit 2.2 Pg C (6th highest on record), driven by extremes in South America & Canada
👉 Climate change made major events up to 70× more likely
👉 Future risk surges under SSP370, but strong action can
curb it
essd.copernicus.org/articles/17/...
👉 Global fire emissions hit 2.2 Pg C (6th highest on record), driven by extremes in South America & Canada
👉 Climate change made major events up to 70× more likely
👉 Future risk surges under SSP370, but strong action can
curb it
essd.copernicus.org/articles/17/...
State of Wildfires 2024–2025
Abstract. Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme wildfires globally, yet our understanding of these high-impact events remains uneven and shaped by media attention and reg...
essd.copernicus.org
November 7, 2025 at 11:51 AM
State of Wildfires 2024–25:
👉 Global fire emissions hit 2.2 Pg C (6th highest on record), driven by extremes in South America & Canada
👉 Climate change made major events up to 70× more likely
👉 Future risk surges under SSP370, but strong action can
curb it
essd.copernicus.org/articles/17/...
👉 Global fire emissions hit 2.2 Pg C (6th highest on record), driven by extremes in South America & Canada
👉 Climate change made major events up to 70× more likely
👉 Future risk surges under SSP370, but strong action can
curb it
essd.copernicus.org/articles/17/...
🌊The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) remains robust, but it’s no longer the main mode of SST variability
A new study identifies a pan-basin warming pattern dominating the North Pacific, potentially redefining how we interpret decadal variability & ecosystem impacts
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
A new study identifies a pan-basin warming pattern dominating the North Pacific, potentially redefining how we interpret decadal variability & ecosystem impacts
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Pan-basin warming now overshadows robust Pacific Decadal Oscillation - Nature Climate Change
Natural patterns of climate variability, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), strongly influence regional climate. This study shows that anthropogenic warming now has greater influence than ...
www.nature.com
November 7, 2025 at 11:38 AM
🌊The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) remains robust, but it’s no longer the main mode of SST variability
A new study identifies a pan-basin warming pattern dominating the North Pacific, potentially redefining how we interpret decadal variability & ecosystem impacts
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
A new study identifies a pan-basin warming pattern dominating the North Pacific, potentially redefining how we interpret decadal variability & ecosystem impacts
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
You don’t earn a billion. You extract it.
November 7, 2025 at 6:31 AM
You don’t earn a billion. You extract it.
🌊 The Arctic is losing its ice and gaining too much light.
A new study finds ocean brightness could double by 2100, reshaping marine life, turning it less polar and more Atlantic
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
A new study finds ocean brightness could double by 2100, reshaping marine life, turning it less polar and more Atlantic
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
November 7, 2025 at 6:27 AM
🌊 The Arctic is losing its ice and gaining too much light.
A new study finds ocean brightness could double by 2100, reshaping marine life, turning it less polar and more Atlantic
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
A new study finds ocean brightness could double by 2100, reshaping marine life, turning it less polar and more Atlantic
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
2025 set to be second or third warmest year on record, continuing exceptionally high warming trend
wmo.int/news/media-c...
wmo.int/news/media-c...
2025 set to be second or third warmest year on record, continuing exceptionally high warming trend
wmo.int
November 7, 2025 at 6:13 AM
2025 set to be second or third warmest year on record, continuing exceptionally high warming trend
wmo.int/news/media-c...
wmo.int/news/media-c...
🌊 Deep-sea mining discharge can disrupt midwater food webs
Isotope data show >6 µm natural particles fuel zooplankton diets, but mining adds inert particles of the same size, diluting nutrition and triggering bottom-up impacts that reach predators
Just say no
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Isotope data show >6 µm natural particles fuel zooplankton diets, but mining adds inert particles of the same size, diluting nutrition and triggering bottom-up impacts that reach predators
Just say no
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Deep-sea mining discharge can disrupt midwater food webs - Nature Communications
Deep-sea mining in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone may release waste into midwaters that support diverse marine life. This study finds such discharges could dilute key food particles and disrupt trophic l...
www.nature.com
November 6, 2025 at 5:51 PM
🌊 Deep-sea mining discharge can disrupt midwater food webs
Isotope data show >6 µm natural particles fuel zooplankton diets, but mining adds inert particles of the same size, diluting nutrition and triggering bottom-up impacts that reach predators
Just say no
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Isotope data show >6 µm natural particles fuel zooplankton diets, but mining adds inert particles of the same size, diluting nutrition and triggering bottom-up impacts that reach predators
Just say no
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
🌊 By 2100, Arctic phytoplankton blooms will start ~34 days earlier, last ~15 days longer, and become less dominant overall, as warming reduces the seasonality of ocean productivity
Climate change is rapidly reshaping the timing and importance of Arctic productivity
www.nature.com/articles/s43...
Climate change is rapidly reshaping the timing and importance of Arctic productivity
www.nature.com/articles/s43...
End-of-century Arctic Ocean phytoplankton blooms start a month earlier due to anthropogenic climate change - Communications Earth & Environment
Anthropogenic climate change impacts Arctic Ocean phytoplankton phenology, resulting in phytoplankton blooms which start 34 days earlier and last 15 days longer in 2100 compared with 1970, according t...
www.nature.com
November 6, 2025 at 5:38 PM
🌊 By 2100, Arctic phytoplankton blooms will start ~34 days earlier, last ~15 days longer, and become less dominant overall, as warming reduces the seasonality of ocean productivity
Climate change is rapidly reshaping the timing and importance of Arctic productivity
www.nature.com/articles/s43...
Climate change is rapidly reshaping the timing and importance of Arctic productivity
www.nature.com/articles/s43...
‘New reality’: Hurricane Melissa strength multiplied by climate crisis, study says
www.theguardian.com/world/2025/n...
www.theguardian.com/world/2025/n...
‘New reality’: Hurricane Melissa strength multiplied by climate crisis, study says
Winds of Melissa’s strength are now five times more frequent due to the climate crisis, research says
www.theguardian.com
November 6, 2025 at 5:24 PM
‘New reality’: Hurricane Melissa strength multiplied by climate crisis, study says
www.theguardian.com/world/2025/n...
www.theguardian.com/world/2025/n...
Why Bill Gates’ climate memo is being celebrated by skeptics while frustrating scientists
theconversation.com/why-bill-gat...
theconversation.com/why-bill-gat...
Why Bill Gates’ climate memo is being celebrated by skeptics while frustrating scientists
Gates recently called for a ‘strategic pivot’ in climate strategy. That appears to have hit a nerve.
theconversation.com
November 6, 2025 at 5:23 PM
Why Bill Gates’ climate memo is being celebrated by skeptics while frustrating scientists
theconversation.com/why-bill-gat...
theconversation.com/why-bill-gat...
Reposted by Ian Hall
A fascinating paper in @NatureGeosci that has already sparked considerable debate in the ice community. It's the super-fast withdrawal of Hektoria Glacier on the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula in 2022/23. Words by me in @newscientist.com www.newscientist.com/article/2502...
Antarctic glacier's alarming retreat is the fastest ever seen
Hektoria glacier on the Antarctic Peninsula retreated 25 kilometres in just 15 months. Its rapid melt could have implications for other glaciers and the rate of sea level rise
www.newscientist.com
November 3, 2025 at 5:00 PM
A fascinating paper in @NatureGeosci that has already sparked considerable debate in the ice community. It's the super-fast withdrawal of Hektoria Glacier on the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula in 2022/23. Words by me in @newscientist.com www.newscientist.com/article/2502...