Mark Graham

@geoplace.bsky.social

3.4K followers 750 following 71 posts

Prof at the Oxford Internet Institute

Director of @towardsfairwork.bsky.social

Publications: www.markgraham.space

Studies: Digital Economies, Digital Geographies, Economic Geography, Gig Economy, Data Work, AI Production Networks, Cities

Eat the rich .. more

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Business 23%

Political science 15%

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Reposted by Mark Graham

Tom Theuns @tomtheuns.bsky.social · 10d

The paper is here:

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/...

You can see and play with all the data here:
inequalities.ai

@geoplace.bsky.social

Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Subscription and open access journals from Sage, the world's leading independent academic publisher.

journals.sagepub.com

Reposted by Mark Graham

Tom Theuns @tomtheuns.bsky.social · 10d

THE SILICON GAZE

After reading a really interesting paper from @oii.ox.ac.uk (link below), I asked ChatGPT (version 5.2) to give an ranking of countries by IQ, 'extrapolating' and 'estimating' where data was not available.

I then asked it to provide an 'approximate' heat map of the estimates

1/2

Reposted by Mark Graham

Oxford Internet Institute @oii.ox.ac.uk · 12d

New coverage from The Times on research co-authored by Prof. @geoplace.bsky.social highlights how ChatGPT demonstrates biased outputs, reflecting long-standing inequalities embedded in AI training data.

Read more: www.thetimes.com/uk/technolog...

‘Biased’ AI says Cambridge is harder-working than boozy Oxford

Conclusion highlights the limitations of large-language models, according to the researchers, who asked ChatGPT for one-word answers which gave ‘binary’ results

www.thetimes.com

Reposted by Mark Graham

Oxford Internet Institute @oii.ox.ac.uk · 16d

New coverage from @euronews.com on Prof. @geoplace.bsky.social's research, which finds that answers from OpenAI’s ChatGPT favour wealthy, Western countries and sideline much of the Global South.

Read more:

www.euronews.com/next/2026/01...

OpenAI’s ChatGPT has a Western bias, study finds

ChatGPT’s viewpoints are shaped by the predominantly Western, white, male developers and platform owners who built it, a study finds.

www.euronews.com

Reposted by Mark Graham

Dave Palfrey @01factory.bsky.social · 17d

'The silicon gaze: A typology of biases and inequality in LLMs through the lens of place'.

Develops "a five-part typology of bias (availability, pattern, averaging, trope, and proxy) that accounts for the complex ways in which LLMs privilege certain places while rendering others invisible."

Reposted by Mark Graham

Oxford Internet Institute @oii.ox.ac.uk · 18d

Researchers FranciscKerche, Matthew Zook and @geoplace.bsky.social show how bias emerges in ChatGPT outputs. For example, responses to queries rank Ipanema, Leblon and Lagoa as having the happiest people compared to Complexo do Alemão, Complexo da Maré and Rio Comprido as the unhappiest. 2/4

Reposted by Mark Graham

Oxford Internet Institute @oii.ox.ac.uk · 18d

Researchers Francisco Kerche, Prof Matthew Zook and @geoplace.bsky.social find that ChatGPT reproduces global biases. For example, responses rank Brighton, London and Bristol as having the sexiest people in the UK whilst Grimsby, Accrington and Barnsley are rated lowest. More: bit.ly/4bF4K9B

Reposted by Mark Graham

Oxford Internet Institute @oii.ox.ac.uk · 18d

New study from @oii.ox.ac.uk and the University of Kentucky sheds light on how bias manifests in ChatGPT outputs. For example, London boroughs Bloomsbury, Hampstead and the City of London are rated as having the smartest people with Croydon, Tottenham and Hillingdon rated the lowest. 1/2

Reposted by Mark Graham

Oxford Internet Institute @oii.ox.ac.uk · 18d

“ChatGPT isn't an accurate representation of the world. It rather just reflects and repeats the enormous biases within its training data” @geoplace.bsky.social @oii.ox.ac.uk speaking to @dailymail.co.uk about his new co-authored study with University of Kentucky. www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/...

AI 'reveals' the most racist towns in the UK - Burnley tops list

When asked which UK towns and cities are the most racist, ChatGPT claims that Burnley tops the list. This is followed by Bradford, Belfast, Middlesbrough, Barnsley, and Blackburn.

www.dailymail.co.uk

Reposted by Mark Graham

Oxford Internet Institute @oii.ox.ac.uk · 18d

New @oii.ox.ac.uk and University of Kentucky study shows how ChatGPT amplifies global inequalities, with LLMs reflecting historic biases in training data. With thanks to @telegraph.co.uk for sharing the study. @geoplace.bsky.social
www.telegraph.co.uk/business/202...

AI thinks these are the most racist places in the UK

ChatGPT answers often repeat negative stereotypes and reinforce prejudices, study shows

www.telegraph.co.uk

Reposted by Mark Graham

Oxford Internet Institute @oii.ox.ac.uk · 18d

The team has created a public website inequalities.ai where anyone can explore how ChatGPT rates countries, cities and neighbourhoods across a range of lifestyle indicators including food, culture and quality of life. 3/4

Reposted by Mark Graham

Oxford Internet Institute @oii.ox.ac.uk · 18d

Researchers Francisco Kerche, Matt Zook and @geoplace.bsky.social find responses generated by ChatGPT consistently rate wealthier, western regions as ‘better’, smarter’, ‘happier’ and ‘more innovative’. 2/4

Reposted by Mark Graham, Elizabeth Stokoe

Oxford Internet Institute @oii.ox.ac.uk · 18d

News alert! New study from @oii.ox.ac.uk and the University of Kentucky finds that ChatGPT amplifies global inequalities. Researchers find that large language models reflect historic biases in the data sets they learn from whilst shaping how people see the world. More here: bit.ly/4bF4K9B 1/4