In the days immediately following the end of World War II in Europe, a U.S. Supreme Court justice grappled with the best way to ensure those surviving members of Hitler’s Nazi regime were held accountable for the atrocities committed under their watch. While Congress was pushing for an expedited execution rather than a trial, chief U.S. prosecutor Robert H. Jackson instead argued for an international tribunal, despite there being no legal precedent for proceedings against a country that never attacked the U.S.