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game creation. = the broker. What they are really exploring is the collective AAs for his theories on interactive oe creativity of millions of people. They are aggregating design, Wright says the following: HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017565
February 8, 2026 at 1:43 AM
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interested in the process and strategies and E.A., which by then, fifteen years after its founding, was i Vi, Sn (i i ih Mi | \ for design. The architect Christopher Alexander, in becoming a Procter & Gamble-style brand-management _— i oer a) he | his book A Pattern Language formalized a lot of spatial company, foresaw the possibility of building a Sim franchise. - hi wid a i bh ae i | | i relationships into a grammar for design. I'd really like to E.A. published The Sims in February 2000, La | Ve ih ty) im ‘ |_| work toward a grammar for complex systems and present and it became Wright's biggest success yet. It eventually > ui ine i i "| Ne | ___ someone with tools for designing complex things.” surpassed Myst as the best-selling computer game of all ~ ef f ya | ‘Wright, in an interview with The Times, time and spawned numerous expansion packs and other Me ay" Wa 1) |_| expressed belief that computers extend the imagination, games. He designed a massively multiplayer version cae al and posits the emergence of the “metabrain”, stating: of the game called The Sims Online, which was not as ez | “Any human institutional system that draws popular as the original. By November 2006, The Sims 4 ‘ | on the intelligence of all its members is a metabrain. Up franchise had earned E.A. more than a billion dollars. + | to now, we have had high friction between the neurons Ina presentation at the Game Developers Conference F of the metabrain; technology is lowering that friction on March 11, 2005, he announced his latest game Spore. Z tremendously. Computers are allowing us to aggregate our He used the current work on this game to demonstrate intelligence in ways that were never possible before. Ifyou ‘methods that can be used to reduce the amount of content a» * look at Spore, people are making this stuff, and computers. that needs to be created by the game developers. Wright, + collectit, then decide who to send it to. The computer is hopes to inspire others to take risks in
February 8, 2026 at 1:42 AM
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__doll house ever since the early 1990s, similar to SimCity his degree, concluding five years of collegiate study. but focused on individual people. Originally conceived During a summer break from college, he of as an architectural design game called Home Tactics, ‘met his first wife Joell Jones, an artist currently living ‘Wright's idea changed when someone suggested the player in California, on vacation to her hometown of Baton should be rated on the quality of life experience by the Rouge. In an interview published in February 2003, Will homeowners. It was a difficult idea to sell to E.A., because |_| claims that games were absorbing so much of his time, already 409% of Maxis’s employees had been laid off. he decided that perhaps making games was the way to ‘When Wright took his idea to the Maxis board of : & ie go. Wright's first game was the helicopter action game directors, Jeff Braun says, “The board looked at The Sims. : oo -— | Raid on Bungeling Bay (1984) for the Commodore 64. and said, ‘Whats this? He wants to do an interactive doll i | Vince | ‘Wright found that he had more fun ereating levels house? The guy is out of his mind.’ ” Doll houses were for girls, . or” ia with his level editor for Raid on Bungeling Bay than he had and girls didn’t play video games. Maxis gave litle support : | qT while actually playing the game. He created a new game or financing for the game. Electronic Arts, which bought | “ \ A Al that would later evolve into SimCity, but he had trouble ‘Maxis in 1997, was more enthusiastic. Wright’s games are so | Laas: Pri finding a publisher. The structuralist dynamics of the game different from E.A’s other releases that it was hard to imagine + el A i ip ‘were in part inspired by the work of two architectural and the two being united in the same enterprise. But the success ae MM A i / urban theorists, Christopher Alexander and Jay Forrester. of SimCity had already established Sim as a strong brand, j yy mi mi i t) em Mi } “P’m
February 8, 2026 at 1:42 AM
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SimEarth: James Lovelock’s Gaia Theory, SimCity: everyone. Used every day on the web and through apps by architecture degree, followed by mechanical engineering, Jay Fortester’s Urban Dynamics and World Dynamics, Spore: millions of people around the world, Wolfram|Alpha defines he fell into computers and robotics. He excelled in subjects Drake’s Equation and The Powers of Ten) Wright's role in the a fundamentally new kind of computing platform that is he was interested in—architecture, economies, mechanical development of the concepts from simulations to games is turning science-fiction computer intelligence into reality. engineering, and military history—butwas held back by his ___to empower the players by creating what he dubs “possibility In addition to his scientific and technical impractical goals such as language arts. His earlier dream. spaces”, or simple rules and game elements that add up toa achievements, Wolfram has been the CEO of Wolfram of space colonization remained, and was joined bya love very complex design. All Maxis, and later games that Wright Research since its founding in 1987. Under Wolfram’s for robotics. After another two years at Louisiana Tech, in had a hand in designing, adhere to these design principles. leadership, Wolfram Research has become one of the world’s __the fall of 1980, Wright moved on to The New School in ‘Maxis went public in 1995 with revenue of US$38 ‘most respected software companies, as well asa powerhouse Manhattan. He lived in an apartment over Balduce’s, in million. The stock reached $50 a share and then dropped of technical and intellectual innovation, and a major Greenwich Village, and spent his spare time searching for as Maxis posted a loss. Electronic Arts bought Maxis in contributor to education and research around the world. spare parts in local electronics surplus stores. After one year June 1997. Wright had been thinking about making a virtual at the New School, Wright returned to Baton Rouge without
February 8, 2026 at 1:42 AM
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and social domains—as well ‘Wright's greatest success to date came as the original Following the success of SimCity, Wright as defining a broad new basis for technology discovery. designer for The Sims games series. The game spawned designed simEarth (1990) and SimAnt (1991). He co- Launched in 1988, Mathematica has revolutionized _multiple sequels and expansions and Wright earned many designed SimCity 2000 (1993) with Fred Haslam and the way technical computation is done, and has been awards for his work. His latest work, Spore, was released in the meantime Maxis produced other “sim” games. responsible for countless advances over the past wodecades. in September 2008 and features gameplay based upon the ‘Wright's next game was SimCopter (1996). Although Starting from a set of fundamental principles devised by model of evolution and scientific advancement. The game none of these games were as successfull as SimCity, they Wolfram, Mathematica has continually grown, integrating sold 406,000 copies within three weeks ofits release. further cemented Wright's reputation as a designer of ‘more and more algorithmic domains, and spawning such He was born as William Ralph Wright “software toys”—games that cannot be won or lost. In 1992, technologies as the Computable Document Format (CDF). on January 20, 1960, in Atlanta. He is of French, Wright and his family moved to Orinda, California. Building on Mathematica and A New Kind of English, Italian, and Native American descent. ‘Wright has a great interest in complex adaptive Science, Wolfram in 2009 launched Wolfram|Alpha—an After graduating at 16 from Episcopal High School, _ systems and most of his games have been based around ambitious, long-term project to make as much of the world’s he enrolled in Louisiana State University, transferring two them or books that describe them (SimAnt: E.O. Wilson’s knowledge as possible computable, and accessible to years later to Louisiana Tech. Beginning with a start at an The Ants,
February 8, 2026 at 1:42 AM
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STEPHEN WOLFRAM WILL WRIGHT Stephen Wolfram has been responsible for three William Ralph “Will” Wright (born January 20, 1960, in ‘human intelligence into a system that is more powerful revolutionary developments: the Mathematica Atlanta, Georgia) is an American video game designer and than we thought artificial intelligence was going to be.” computation system, A New Kind of Science, and the co-founder of the game development company Maxis, now 1n 1986, he met Jeff Braun, an investor interested Wolfram|Alpha computational knowledge engine. part of Electronic Arts. In April 2009, he left Electronic in entering the computer game industry, at what Wright ‘Wolfram was educated at Eton, Oxford and, Arts to run “Stupid Fun Club”, an entertainment think calls “the world’s most important pizza party.” Together Caltech, receiving his Ph.D. in theoretical physics at the tank in which Wright and EA are principal shareholders. they formed Maxis the next year in Orinda, California. age of 20. Wolfram’s work on basic science led him toa ‘The first computer game Wright designed was SimCity (1989) was a hit and has been credited as one of series of fundamental discoveries about the computational Raid on Bungeling Bay in 1984, but it was SimCity that the most influential computer games ever made. Wright universe of possible programs. Summarized in his best- brought him to prominence. The game was released by himself has been widely featured in several computer selling 2002 book A New Kind of Science, these discoveries Maxis, a company Wright formed with Jeff Braun, and he ‘magazines—particularly PC Gamer, which has listed have not only launched major new directions in basic built upon the game’s theme of computer simulation with ‘Wright in its annual ‘Game Gods’ feature, alongside such. research, but have also led to breakthroughs in scientific numerous other titles including SimEarth and SimAnt. notables as Roberta Williams and Peter Molyneux. ‘modeling in physical, biological
February 8, 2026 at 1:42 AM