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Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes may have played a part in directing human evolution in Africa by selecting hypothetically more resistant protohominids of the line leading ultimately to Homo spp. Cooler conditions in the Pleistocene era woul...

Plongée inédite au cœur du trypanosome, le parasite responsable de la maladie du sommeil !Transmise par la piqûre de la mouche tsé-tsé, cette maladie touche plus de 30 pays d’Afrique subsaharienne. Ap...

In the bloodstream of mammalian hosts, African trypanosomes face the challenge of protecting their i

The genomes of Leishmania and trypanosomes are organized into polycistronic transcription units flan

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The genomes of Leishmania and trypanosomes are organized into polycistronic transcription units flan

Certain primates are immune to infection by most African trypanosome parasites due to apolipoprotein L-1 (APOL1), a primate-specific ion channel-forming protein. To broaden our understanding of primate APOL1, we generated a panel of trypanosome-resistant murine models expressing various primate APOL1 proteins. We used these mice to investigate the role of APOL1 in trypanosome immunity in vivo by challenging them with various human and livestock trypanosome isolates. Baboon APOL1 provides partial protection to trypanosome isolates, though its protective capacity was limited by poor expression. A more highly expressed chimeric APOL1 encoding human APOL1 with the baboon APOL1 C-terminus was protective against human-infective trypanosomes, although with a fitness cost likely associated with high expression. We investigated the long-standing assumption that human resistance to Trypanosoma vivax is mediated by APOL1. Surprisingly, APOL1-expressing mice were fully susceptible to T. vivax infection, challenging this hypothesis. These model systems are useful tools for evaluating the possibility of generating genetic engineered livestock for disease control.

Antigenic variation is an immune evasion strategy used by many different pathogens. It involves the

Introduction Trypanosomiasis is caused by several species of trypanosomes. The disease is endemic in

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