Background: Interprofessional teamwork is essential for patient outcomes in emergency medicine; yet, effective training in this area is scarce. Virtual reality (VR) provides a promising, resource-efficient solution for simulating emergency scenarios and facilitating interprofessional collaboration. While VR-based training has shown benefits for medical skill and knowledge acquisition, assessing teamwork within such environments remains a challenge due to the lack of validated measurement tools. Existing teamwork assessment instruments, developed for physical simulations, may not fully apply to VR due to differences in communication modalities, interaction mechanics, and observer perspectives. Objective: This #Study aims to adapt and validate the TeamSTEPPS framework to assess teamwork in VR-based training. Subsequently, these adapted instruments will enable the investigation of whether interprofessional teamwork can be successfully trained in VR scenarios. Methods: Prior to the #Study, measurement instruments for subjective (Teamwork Perceptions Questionnaire) and objective teamwork quality (Team Performance Observation Tool, TPOT) will be adapted and validated for use in VR scenarios. Validation of the adapted version of the Team Performance Observation Tool includes expert consensus via a modified Delphi method as well as validity and reliability testing using recorded VR teamwork sessions. The #Study itself is designed as a prospective pre-post #Study with a planned enrollment of 65 nursing and 65 medical students working in randomly assigned interprofessional teams. On 3 timepoints (day 1, day 8, and day 15), participants engage in a VR scenario simulating 1 out of 3 different emergency medical conditions (esophageal variceal bleeding, exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and atrial fibrillation due to urinary tract infection). As an intervention, a structured training video on successful teamwork according to the TeamSTEPPS concept is shown on day 8 immediately before the second VR scenario. Teamwork is assessed objectively with the adapted version of the Team Performance Observation Tool and subjectively with the adapted Teamwork Perceptions Questionnaire. Medical performance will be recorded automatically by the VR software based on the medical measures conducted by the team. Results: As of May 2024, a total of 28 interprofessional teams have been enrolled. Data analysis will begin in late 2025. Conclusions: This #Study addresses the challenge of adapting teamwork assessment tools to VR environments and may provide insights into the potential of VR-based training for improving interprofessional collaboration in medical education. Future #Research could include a control group to measure the effects of team training more rigorously or use more enhanced technologies (eg, natural language processing) to capture the full range of teamwork behavior. Trial Registration:

Background: Effective interprofessional communication, including politeness, respect for coworkers, and self-control, is crucial in emergency care. These values are emphasized by both Thai and US cultures. Notably, nurses place greater significance on respect and self-control than #Physicians, underscoring the need for #Physicians to recognize and adopt these attributes, especially in interactions with nursing staff. To develop these competencies, interprofessional education (IPE) programs are essential, with simulation-based IPE, particularly virtual simulations, showing promise in enhancing teamwork and communication. However, #Research on the tone of voice in emergency communication is limited, especially in Thailand, where standardized IPE curricula are lacking. Objective: This #Study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Team and Strategies to Enhance Performance and ##Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS) virtual simulation IPE, using a 3D computer-based or #VirtualReality #VR (VR) approach, in enhancing interprofessional communication among #HealthCare students, focusing on politeness and assertiveness in the tone of voice. Methods: An experimental design was used with 30 #HealthCare students from 5 disciplines, including ##Medical, nursing, ##Medical technology, radiological technology, and #Pharmacy students. Participants were recorded during pretraining and posttraining TeamSTEPPS sessions. Acoustic analysis focused on 3 cues: duration, intensity, and fundamental frequency (F0). Duration measured the length of utterances, whereas intensity (loudness) and F0 (pitch) were analyzed using parameters, such as maximum, minimum, mean, SD, and range. In total, 5663 utterances were analyzed, providing a dataset for identifying significant shifts in vocal delivery after training. Using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, these 11 acoustic parameters were extracted and statistically analyzed to compare pre- and posttraining differences. Results: Significant improvements in the tone of voice were observed. ##Medical and nursing students exhibited changes in pitch (SD and mean of F0; P

TeamSTEPPS is an evidence-based set of teamwork tools, aimed at optimizing patient outcomes by improving communication and teamwork skills among health care professionals. The training provides guides...