Finally, effector-triggered apoptosis restricted Legionella replication to a greater extent than pyroptosis, but both were required for maximal restriction of Legionella by DCs. (8/14)

At the single-cell level, infected DCs do not simultaneously undergo pyroptosis and apoptosis, but rather exhibit heterogeneity. We found that one DC population underwent rapid pyroptosis, whereas at later timepoints another group of DCs activated effector-triggered apoptosis. (7/14)

We found that DCs also activate caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis. Our kinetic cell death assays revealed that DCs activate pyroptosis first followed by effector-triggered apoptosis, and that both of these pathways account for the majority of the programmed death occurring in DCs. (6/14)

However, when we looked at cell death kinetically, we found that effector-triggered apoptosis did not account for all of the DC death. This led us to interrogate whether DCs also activate pyroptosis in response to Legionella. (5/14)

Protein synthesis inhibitors can trigger apoptosis by depleting anti-apoptotic proteins. Legionella has seven T4SS effectors that block translation, and we found they cause DC apoptosis. (3/14)

Finally, effector-triggered apoptosis restricted Legionella replication to a greater extent than pyroptosis, but both were required for maximal restriction of Legionella by DCs. (8/14)

At the single-cell level, infected DCs do not simultaneously undergo pyroptosis and apoptosis, but rather exhibit heterogeneity. We found that one DC population underwent rapid pyroptosis, whereas at later timepoints another group of DCs activated effector-triggered apoptosis. (7/14)

We found that DCs also activate caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis. Our kinetic cell death assays revealed that DCs activate pyroptosis first followed by effector-triggered apoptosis, and that both of these pathways account for the majority of the programmed death occurring in DCs. (6/14)

However, when we looked at cell death kinetically, we found that effector-triggered apoptosis did not account for all of the DC death. This led us to interrogate whether DCs also activate pyroptosis in response to Legionella. (5/14)

Protein synthesis inhibitors can trigger apoptosis by depleting anti-apoptotic proteins. Legionella has seven T4SS effectors that block translation, and we found they cause DC apoptosis. (3/14)