House passes bill to end history-making shutdown, sending it to Trump
The House on Wednesday passed a sweeping spending package to reopen the government, setting the stage to end a marathon shutdown — the longest in U.S. history — that churned economic turmoil around the country and sparked an internal battle among Democrats over the future of the party and how best to take on President Trump.
The vote in the lower chamber was 222-209, almost strictly along party lines. Only two Republicans opposed the measure, to protest deficit spending, while six Democrats hopped the aisle to support it, citing the importance of getting federal funding flowing again.
The legislation survived an 11th-hour revolt from some House Republicans who balked at a provision, inserted by the Senate days earlier, to empower GOP senators to sue the federal government for hundreds of thousands of dollars if they were among the people whose phone records were seized by federal investigators during their probe into the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol.
In the end, Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.) defused that outcry with a promise to fast-track a separate bill to overturn the Senate language, with a vote expected next week.
The spending package now heads to the White House, which has already indicated President Trump is ready to sign it into law.
The vote was the last hurdle in ending the protracted budget impasse, now in its seventh week, that left federal workers without paychecks for weeks, cut off food aid to families across the country and delayed and canceled scores of flights.
That impasse featured a new fight over an old law — the Affordable Care Act (ACA) — and the future of health care tax credits scheduled to expire at the end of the year.
Democrats had demanded an extension of those subsidies as a condition of ending the shutdown. Republicans had demanded an end to the shutdown before any health care talks would begin. And the deadlock dragged on for weeks with neither side budging — a 43-day standoff that shattered the record for the longest shutdown, which occurred under Trump’s first term in 2018 and 2019, by more than a week.
In the end, it was a surprise deal struck by a group of bipartisan senators last Sunday that broke the stalemate. But the compromise did nothing to address the expiring ObamaCare subsidies, prompting a fierce backlash from liberal Democrats against not only the eight Democratic senators who endorsed the agreement, but also Senate Minority Leader Charles Schumer (D-N.Y.), who has been under fire from the Democrats’ base since he supported a similar Republican spending bill in March.
This time around, Schumer opposed the bill to reopen the government, siding with most Democrats by holding firm in his demand for an extension of the health care tax credits. But that position did little to insulate him from outraged voices on the left, who maintain that his failure to keep his troops united is evidence that he shouldn’t remain at the top of the party.
“I respect Chuck Schumer. I think he had a great, long-standing career. But I’m afraid that it may be time for the Senate Democrats to get a new leader,” Rep. Glenn Ivey (D-Md.) said this week.
Rep. Pramila Jayapal (D-Wash.), the former head of the Congressional Progressive Caucus, also endorsed Schumer’s ouster on Wednesday.
House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries (D-N.Y.) raced to Schumer’s defense, saying the Senate leader put up a “valiant fight” to protect health benefits.
Still, the liberal backlash highlights the frustrations of Democrats as they scramble to locate an effective strategy for countering Trump, whose second term has featured aggressive efforts to expand his presidential powers, gut the federal workforce, enrich his own family and prosecute his political enemies.
Against that backdrop, the fate of the ObamaCare subsidies has become a symbolic fight in the Democrats’ larger battle against the president and his Republican allies in the Capitol. And Democrats were encouraged by the blue wave in last week’s off-year elections — huge victories that made the Democrats’ cave on health care a more bitter pill to swallow.
“A deal that doesn’t reduce health care costs is a betrayal of millions of Americans counting on Democrats to fight for them,” said Rep. Greg Casar (D-Texas), the head of the Progressive Caucus.
Fueling the tensions between the parties, Trump had also leaned on the shutdown to advance parts of his government-gutting agenda, including mass firings of federal workers. When money for the nation’s largest food aid program ran dry, he refused to use an emergency fund to pay out those benefits.
Republicans in the Capitol defended those moves, saying the administration was forced to make unpleasant decisions given the scarce resources available to them during the shutdown. If Democrats wanted those workers paid and programs funded, GOP leaders argued, then they should vote to reopen the government.
“I just want to apologize to the many American families who were made to go hungry over the last several weeks, our troops and other federal employees who were wondering where their next paychecks would come from,” Johnson said Wednesday morning. “All of that’s on the Democrats.”
Democrats fired back, accusing the administration of going out of its way to maximize the pain on people — especially low-income and working-class Americans — as leverage against Democrats.
“Imagine that the president of the United States goes to the Supreme Court to deprive kids of food,” said Rep. Rosa DeLauro (D-Conn.). “And in addition to that, depriving their parents of health care. Staggering.”
“This is the reality that we’re in right now, and we need to act like it,” echoed Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-N.Y.). “And we cannot enable this kind of cruelty with our cowardice. Period.”
The spending package now headed to Trump’s desk is a hybrid bill, providing funding for large chunks of the government — the Agriculture Department, Veterans Affairs Department, military construction and the legislative branch — through the entirety of the 2026 fiscal year, which ends on Sept. 30. The remaining agencies and government functions will be funded only short-term, through Jan. 30.
GOP leaders hailed the passage of the bill as a victory for federal workers, low-income families on food assistance and other groups who were affected disproportionately by the shutdown. They blamed Democrats for refusing to back the GOP spending bill that might have opened up the government weeks earlier.
“They knew that it would cause pain, and they did it anyway,” Johnson said. “The whole exercise was pointless.”
In a concession to Democrats, the package also reverses the federal layoffs orchestrated by the Trump administration during the shutdown — a provision that will reinstate thousands of fired workers — while prohibiting future layoffs before February.
That provision was no compensation, however, for the absence of the health care subsidies. And even Jeffries was forced to acknowledge his “disappointment” with the deal cut by the Senate Democrats.
The fight over health care, however, is hardly over.
With the ACA subsidies set to expire, a number of moderate Republicans are urging Johnson to find a legislative fix to ensure that the premium hikes don’t take effect — a tough spot for the Speaker given the pressure from conservatives to let the tax credits expire.
Looking further ahead, the next funding deadline is Jan. 30, and already a number of Democrats are vowing to demand an extension of the ACA subsidies if the issue hasn’t been resolved before then.
Another shutdown, they say, is not out of the question.
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