"In fact, our exploratory analysis suggests that nearly half of the test score effects of the ban in middle and high schools in the first two years can be explained by the effect of the ban on unexcused absences."

We found evidence the ban significantly reduced unexcused absences in both first and second years, especially for students in middle and high schools, providing suggestive evidence that improved student engagement and school climate could be important factors behind the observed test score benefits

I am so sorry for your loss, Daniel...

Such a waste of talent...

What to do?

- target students with lower baseline achievement

- allow students in remedial schedule to take advanced courses in non-remediation subjects to alleviate tracking concerns

- provide remediation outside of regular school hours to alleviate crowding out concerns.

These negative effects take place despite the fact that students in remedial schedule receive additional instructional resources in remediation subject (as intended by the policy) such as:

- smaller classrooms
- additional instruction time
- higher value-added teachers

Results also suggest that remedial high school courses could crowd out electives, especially CTE courses...

...which could, in turn, hurt students beyond the adverse effects on college attainment given the potential benefits of some CTE courses on labor market outcomes.

I am sure you can give yourself a fellowship. After all, you are the director!

Why do I have to say these out loud, Josh?

Doesn't that make it easier for you to get in?

I see no problem here.