Re-running our survey experiment in a representative survey, we find suggestive evidence that there is some heterogeneity among women. Women with lower political interest are less likely to indicate that they are willing to become active in politics (WTE)

Using observational data and a survey experiment in Germany, we find that exposure to political violence does not produce gender-differentiated effects among politically interested individuals. If anything, the treatment suggests that men become less willing to engage in politics (WTE)