The survey also revealed even worse cases in others...
djrenrakukai.org/enquete.html...

I have changed my surname to experience the burden typically imposed on females. And the result was bad: identity confusion, time and economic costs of changing official documents, unwanted disclosure of marital status and family information, and difficulties in fieldwork overseas.

Also, I really appreciate the wonderful colleagues involved in this study, Rikai, Alberto, @zandraselina.bsky.social , Ioannis, Gaudry, Meaghan, Gakuhari, Oota, Tsai, @jespervolsen.bsky.social , Yousuke, Chang, Enrico, and @fridowelker.bsky.social !

Finally, this study would not have been possible without the contributions and support of many people. I am deeply grateful to the people of Taiwan for granting us the opportunity to analyze this precious specimen, a treasure of Taiwan. I hope this publication serves as a way to give back.

Second, Denisovan morphology becomes clearer. At least male Denisovans had robust jaws and teeth, distinct from Homo sapiens and Neanderthals. As more molecularly identified Denisovan fossils are discovered, a clearer understanding of their morphological traits and evolutionary history is obtained.

The male Denisovan identity of Penghu provides two important insights. First, it confirms Denisovans inhabited warm and humid environments. This study closes the gap between genomic estimates (hotspots of interbreeding in SE Asia) and fossil occurrence (mostly northern Asia, like Siberia and Tibet).

#Paleoproteomics played a key role here. By thoroughly testing extraction strategies using Penghu faunal bones, we obtained a high-quality ancient proteome from Penghu 1 with minimal destruction. We detected multiple Denisovan-related variants and identified a male-specific isoform.

In 2019, a Denisovan mandible from the Tibetan Plateau was reported, and morphological similarities led to the inference that Penghu 1 may also have originated from the Denisovans.
doi.org/10.1038/s415...
However, an attempt to extract ancient DNA from Penghu 1 has, so far, failed.

Denisovans, reported in 2010, are an "enigmatic human lineage" in Asia in the Middle to Late Pleistocene. They are defined by genetic data, and their morphology is still mostly unknown. Many skeletal remains are suspected to be Denisovan, but their identity remains unclear without genetic data.

The fossil mandible, Penghu 1, has been dredged from the sea bottom of Penghu Channel of Taiwan and was discovered in a private collection by researchers in 2009. The distinct morphological traits of Penghu 1 were reported in 2015, but its phylogenetic position was unknown.
doi.org/10.1038/ncom...