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🔸 없다 [eop-tta] 받침 rule:
Followed by consonant – only ㅂ is pronounced (here final ㅂ is followed by ㄷ).
없다 → [업따] - [eopda]
Followed by vowel: both ㅂ and ㅅ are pronounced.
없어요 → [업서요] - [eopseoyo]

🔸 있다 [it-tta] 받침 rule:
Followed by consonant – final ㅆ is followed by ㄷ, so it's pronounced as a tense ㄸ sound together:
있다 → [읻따] - [itda] ( strong ㄸ)
Followed by vowel → ㅆ links to next syllable, sounds like an S:
있어요 → [이써요] - [isseoyo]
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📒 시작하다 [sijakada] – to start
📒 있다 [itda] – to exist / have🔸
📒 없다 [eopda] – to not exist / not have 🔸

🔸explanation below 👇

📒 헤어지다 [heeoji-da] – to part / break up
📒 전화하다 [jeonhwahada] – to call
📒 보내다 [bonaeda] – to send

📒 쉬다 [swida] – to rest
📒 자다 [jada] – to sleep

🔸ㄺ 받침 [padchim] rule - words that end with ㄺ are pronounced as follows:
1. when the syllable with ㄺ ends with a consonat: we only read ㄱ (ㄹ is ignored)
2. when the syllable with ㄺ ends with a vowel, we read both, for example:
읽어요 - [일 - 거 - 요] - [ilgeoyo]