🇧🇬 Bulgaria spends more, but political turbulence holds back its armed forces.
In EDINA IV, Yordan Bozhilov shows how instability undermines modernisation — and why Sofia’s role in European defence remains uncertain.

🇬🇧 Brexit didn’t break the defence bond. The UK remains central to Europe’s security — from support to Ukraine to NATO’s frontline. Trevor Taylor's chapter on London and Europe, among 24 others here 👉 edina-defence.org/edina/04

🇭🇺 Hungary: NATO ally, Russian hedge.
➡️EDINA IV shows how Budapest’s balancing act risks Europe’s security. edina-defence.org/edina/04

EDINA 9/25:
In EDINA IV, Jozef Hrabina shows how 🇸🇰Bratislava balances alliance commitments with shifting domestic winds. edina-defence.org/edina/04

🇸🇪 Sweden’s NATO accession is historic — and its advanced defence industry, from submarines to fighter jets, makes it a valuable ally.
👉 In EDINA IV, Calle Håkansson shows how Stockholm strengthens the alliance: edina-defence.org/edina04

With Trump–Putin talks stirring uncertainty, Europe can’t afford to lag on defence. 🇬🇷 Greece shows how: anchored in NATO, but increasingly aligned with Europe’s north on spending, conscription & land forces. Antonis Kamaras in EDINA IV 👉 edina-defence.org

Long a true Atlanticist, 🇳🇱 the Netherlands still anchors its security in NATO — but now sees EU defence cooperation as a way to strengthen the alliance.
Kudos to
@lotjeboswinkel.bsky.social
for charting this shift in EDINA IV! edina-defence.org/edina/04

Four days, four perspectives on Europe’s defence — from Paris to Helsinki, Tallinn to Rome.
Today: Alessandro Marrone on Italy’s new defence doctrine in EDINA IV. See full report here: edina-defence.org/edina/04