9/ For comparison, the often cited scenario with high Basal Eurasian legacy suggests a spread of 'West Eurasian' ancestry by UP European-like sources; – while we can not exclude this scenario, we consider it more unlikely (for the formation of West Asian groups):

8/ We argue that this scenario (repetive expansions from a population Hub on the Persian plateau) is best aligning with the available data on archaeogenetics and material culture.

7/ The inferred location of the shared population Hub for West and East Eurasians is located in northern Mesopotamia and on the Persian plateau; – the homeland of "Basal Eurasians" would be most likely located in Northeast Africa and the western Arab peninsula.

6/ Mesolithic and Neolithic Iranian groups derive significant amounts of their ancestry (among other sources) from the deepest split on the Basal West Eurasian branch: 'WEC2'; the remainder being EEC via AASI and ANE geneflow, as well as "basal" admixture (Emiran?).

5/ UP Europeans display variable amounts of admixture from preceeding IUP groups (BachoKiro_IUP; distantly related to modern East Eurasians/EEC). – Especially evident for the Aurignacians (GoyetQ116-1), less Gravettians; and their unusual affinity to Tianyuan/IUP.

4/ and Ancient East Eurasians:

3/ based on this scenario, a working qpGraph model for Ancient West Eurasians:

2/ These two waves and subsequent contact events with each other, would give rise to the Paleolithic and Epipaleolithic variation of ancient Eurasians:

1/ The two successful major waves are the "Initial Upper Paleolithic" (IUP) wave affilated with Basal East Eurasians at c. 48kya – followed by the "Upper Paleolithic" (UP) wave affilated with Basal West Eurasians at c. 41kya:

Both archaeological/material culture evidence as well as archaeogenetic data confirm our previous model on the population history of the Asia-Pacific region:

A qpGraph run focused on ancient and modern East Asian/Eurasian populations:

Basically, modern East Eurasians (South Asians/AASI, Onge, Hoabinhian, East Asian, and Australasian as well as Amerindian populations) descend from a single southern dispersal route, which rapidly diverged into the respective lineages in South, Southeast and Eastern Asia, as well as Oceania...

7/ The ESEA branch rapidly diverged into Onge/Hoabinhian, Tianyuan, and the AEA lineage(s): Later Tianyuan-like ancestry was replaced by expanding ANEA, while Hoabinhian ancestry became increasingly replaced by ASEA (except for Andamanese). Both Onge and Tianyuan are Basal to East Asians.

6/ While the AEA can be plausible modeled as a trifurication between Onge and Tianyuan, they can also be modeled as admixture between a primarily Onge-like group (79%) and minor Tianyuan admixture (21%):

5/ This is also evident by shared affinity between Tianyuan and the UP European GoyetQ116-1 specimen, who also derive around 23% BK-like amcestry. It is further supported by archaeologic data (microblades via Northern IUP vs core & flakes via Southern EEC) as well as bacteria/viral distribution.

4/ The ESEA/Onge-like lineage populated Southeast and East Asia, becoming the Onge/Hoabinhians (in Southeast Asia); Ancient East Asians (AEA) which fragmented into several East Asian HGs; and the Tianyuan lineage (Northern China and Amur) partly admixed with Northern IUP groups (BK/Oase-like).

3/ The EEC lineage moved to northwestern South Asia, where they stayed in a secondary hub. An EEC sister lienage rapidly expanded into Oceania, giving rise to Australasians.
Shortly afterwards, "residual EEC" diverged into the UP Tibetan lineage, the AASI lineage, and the ESEA lineage (Onge-like).

2/ The Northern IUP lineage(s) gave rise to the population associated with the Ust'Ishim site, the Bacho Kiro and Oase sites, the Kara Bom site and other IUP sites in Central Asia, Siberia and eastern Europe. IUP Microblade material culture...

1/ Basal East Eurasians diverged from Basal West Eurasians between 55–50kya, and started to expand from a population hub on the Persian plateau at 48kya. There was a primary split between "Northern IUP" lineage(s) and EEC (East Eurasian Core) at ~46kya somewhere in South-Central Asia or Sistan.