Some of these fit, obviously, but equally as obvious is those that don’t. The Aeneid? I meant Ancient Literature… mythology even… but ancient history?

You’ve also got my book in the Religion section.

I mean, ffs, Ovid isn’t Ancient History… fuck.

So:

Sensation without reason = mere perception of stimuli (heat, cold, injury).

Reason’s false judgment that something bad has befallen = pathos, true suffering.

That’s all I’ve got, fellow prokoptôn!

“Beasts are not unhappy, for though they feel what hurts them, they do not judge themselves wretched on that account.” Seneca, De Vita Beata 4.2

“The sheep does not resist the shearer nor complain of it; but man, if he thinks it an outrage, complains. If he did not think it so, he would endure it as sheep endure it.” Epictetus, Discourses 1.28.11

“They [the Stoics] distinguish between the feeling of pain and the passion of pain; the one comes from the body, the other from the opinion of the mind.” Cicero, Tusulan Disputations 3.14

A spider can’t reason and thus cannot suffer. It can experience pain, though… but this is different at suffering is a pathos. The reason we release the spider isn’t because it can suffer (it cannot), but because to kill it would be to take away its ability to flourish as a spider.

I suspect this is a deeply flawed argument by Bentham if it’s meant to reflect Stoic ethics — however, your choice to peacefully remove that 8-legged inhabitant of our shared Cosmos is 100% Stoic. I’ll add more thoughts in a second reply (to utilise my limited space better!)

Okay okay sorry I misunderstood!

I’m sorry… fiction?

Oh, I’m not quite at the peak I guess!

Ah, this is why I didn’t recognise it. Thanks.

Whose book is this? Is this Stephens and Aiken?

This was written about (the claim I mean) in a collective work called “Historia Augusta” which is widely thought of as a gossip rag. Its date of claimed manufacture (~120 AD - ~300 AD) has been in question since the 1800s and no one uses it as a source for truth. Biases and absurdities throughout.