2. The city centers are starting to depopulate, so they need to arrest that decline, and trigger economic growth.

3. Trams are more sustainable mode as electricity to run these is generated partly from solar power, and partly from the burning of biomass waste.

Inspired by the success of Utsunomiya’s light rail system which began operations in 2023, other cities now want to build them on certain routes.

Reasons for this change?
1. Maintaining bus routes are becoming increasingly difficult. Trams are cheaper and easier to maintain.

With only longitudinal seating, some passengers even brought their own stools to sit through the long journey, which could take more than 2 hours.

As more people used stools, it became a security hazard and authorities had to ban its usage in coaches.

Since most travel patterns involved end-to-end commutes, the system became overcrowded.

Frequent stops made it worse.

3. The Japanese concept of land readjustment (Image 1), known as Kukaku Seiri, will be employed.
Under this model, landowners temporarily hand over their plots to the government, which then reorganizes irregular parcels into regular, well-shaped lots, without the need for land acquisition.

2. The policy strongly recommends states to should employ a transit-first and rail-led growth. That would mean growing along RRTS, and Metro lines.

According to ITDP data, with these steps along with reliability and safety, CRUT succeeded in increasing ridership on its services by almost 200% in under five years, with 57% of passengers reportedly shifting from private transport modes.

Images: Buildingmaterialreporter

CRUT worked with women, transgenders, and HIV+ operators/drivers (in the form of micro-entrepreneurship model) to run these.

This service is called "AMA E-Ride service" and has a flat fare of Rs 10/- only.

The e-rickshaws are charged overnight at bus depot charging stations, starting service at 8:30 a.m. and ending at 6:30 p.m. They currently operate on 10 routes.

Currently, cycle tracks are built in random locations that do not connect important destinations, leading to low usage and neglect.

1. These would be short, repeatable trips
2. Has a high user base
3. Reduces traffic congestion
4. Increases physical activity and confidence
5. The chance of success is high as it is community-centered, involving parents as well.

However, while few other recommendations were partially implemented, these two points still remain on paper.

Some of the recommendations included:

1. Enhance competitiveness by funding high speed multi modal connectivity, business services and utility infrastructure.

2. Promote integrated industrial and urban development- walk to work zones.