"Croa Croa" In French.
This map is funny too 😉

This was a fun paper to write! A big thank you to leads @jess-dasilva.bsky.social and @seanmhoban.bsky.social, and to all co-authors Andrew DeWoody, @testeeves.bsky.social, Paul Sunnucks and @sibellevilaca.bsky.social!

A better understanding of the KMGBF will help scientists engage and fulfill global, national, and local commitments to the conservation of our planet’s biodiversity. We hope that with this paper, the policy landscape becomes more accessible for those working in this field.

To help practitioners contribute to meeting the goals and targets of the KMGBF related to GD, we highlight guidance and decision-support tools for management based on several conservation genetic paradigms that have emerged from decades of research and applied conservation.

Next, we explain how two approaches can be used effectively by nations in measuring and monitoring GD to achieve the KMGBF: direct assessment of DNA sequences with genetic methods, and indirect assessment based on measuring the processes that produce GD change.

Then we discuss where and how GD is explicitly mentioned in, or relevant to, KMGBF targets, including where GD conservation or knowledge of GD are not mentioned but could help achieve a target. The most explicit mention of GD in the KMGBF is in Goal A | Target 4.

Typically, the term “genetic resources” has been associated with physical specimens; however, policy discussions have examined how Digital Sequence Information (DSI) might be incorporated into access and benefit-sharing (ABS) mechanisms.

We first cover the history of the CBD, the major components of the KMGBF and similar multinational environmental agreements, and relevant terminology.

Adopted in 2022, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) outlines a visionary roadmap guiding humanity’s relationship with nature. Genetic diversity, underlying adaptation and fitness, is a core tenet.

Some of the policy landscape may sound confusing (it is!), but we try to disentangle it and explain it in a way that will help anybody working towards integrating genetics in conservation programs. Important for making an impact!