India stands at a demographic crossroads where comprehensive pension reform integrating formal AND informal sectors is essential for protecting vulnerable populations. Thanks to @unu-wider.bsky.social for the platform to present this work.

41% of Indians over 60 continue working or job searching simply because pensions don't cover basic living costs. Retirement ages vary 58-62 across states (central/private sectors differ). Higher pensions = lower workforce participation + greater life satisfaction.

By 2050, 655M people will be 45+ (40% of population). Our analysis of 73,000+ older adults shows pension amounts vary wildly by state—from $67/month in Telangana to $468 in Sikkim. With 85% of workers lacking formal pension coverage, the system needs to be revamped.

This is so confusing, yet déjà vu..