This suggests an explicit reward isn't necessary for us to feel rewarded enough to learn from it. A small enough error could be rewarding enough for reinforcement learning

Our findings show that even in the absence of a reward feedback (visual cue of pocketing), our reward-based reinforcement learning mechanism is still active

In this unique #VR setup, participants hold a physical cue stick and hit a physical ball, while seeing it all in a VR headset, where we can control what they see.

In a real-world motor skill task - playing pool billiards - we tried to separate learning from error (how far the ball is from the pocket) and learning from reward (the pocketing feedback) using visual feedback manipulations in Embodied Virtual Reality #EVR).

This follows our recent anatomical findings:
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
Both provide further evidence for the crucial (though often-overlooked) role of the cerebellum in PD

Our results highlight a robust change in the network connectivity between the Basal Ganglia and the Cerebellum. We further identified functional hubs in the Cerebellum to be the only ones across the cortico-basal ganglia-cerebellum system affected by medication.