Rothbard's legacy remains deeply divisive - celebrated by libertarians as a principled visionary and criticized by others for his more controversial positions and historical interpretations. His uncompromising approach remains both his strength and limitation.

Perhaps most radical of his positions: Rothbard advocated for private law, private courts, and competitive defense agencies to replace government functions - a true market for governance itself.

The Ludwig von Mises Institute, founded by Rothbard in 1982, established an academic home for libertarian thought and continues to publish and promote Austrian economics and libertarian philosophy.

Though labeled "right-wing," Rothbard made surprising political alliances, including with New Left anti-war activists during Vietnam. He criticized both conservatives and progressives for embracing state power.

Rothbard viewed fractional reserve banking as fundamentally fraudulent - a position that later influenced cryptocurrency developers seeking alternatives to traditional banking systems.

Unlike many economists, Rothbard refused to separate economics from ethics. His "Ethics of Liberty" (1982) argued that economic freedom and moral principles are inseparable, with self-ownership as the basis of all rights.

The Non-Aggression Principle was central to Rothbard's philosophy: the idea that initiating force against persons or property is inherently illegitimate. This simple ethical framework forms the foundation of libertarian thought.

Rothbard's "Man, Economy & State" (1962) remains one of the most comprehensive defenses of free market economics ever written, expanding on Mises' work while making Austrian economics more accessible.