For example, Microsoft and Stripe received proposals for carbon sequestration totaling 142 million tons in 2020 and 2021. Tallying the length of time indicated by each proposal for how long the operator would look after the storage reveals how quickly the carbon would be orphaned: 50% in 30 years.

As the world grapples with a range of environmental challenges, the intersection of energy and carbon is more important than ever. I’m honored to be joining an incredible lineup of experts at EarthX2025 Conference of Conferences to discuss innovative solutions. Join us! #EarthX2025 #ClimateAction

I’m excited to join EarthX2025 Congress of Conferences hosted by @EarthXorg! April 21-25 in Dallas, we’ll tackle key challenges and opportunities in conservation, energy, and environmental policy. #EarthX2025

3) The chapter analyzed the interconnectedness of CDR protocols—who references whom. Most protocols seem to converge, with top references being the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, CDM, ISO 14064-2, WRI GHG Protocol, & Verra (cited by 2/3 of docs). Yet, 1/3 of protocols (mainly compliance) stand alone.

2) An expert assessment of MRV across CDR methods reviewed metrics like quantification accuracy, confidence, research depth, protocols, and regulatory oversight, highlighting varied progress. While insightful, it’s important to note that assessments can be subjective, with differing conclusions.

I was fortunate to co-author a chapter on monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) and reported on the big picture trends. 1) Over the last 20 years, most protocols have been developed for conventional methods, including afforestation, reforestation, and enhancement of land sinks.

In 2022, I published the first overview of the carbon removal standards landscape in the journal Climate Policy —and it was complex! 🌍 30+ SDOs proposed 125+ methodologies for 23 different CDR activities and offered 27 versions of certification instruments. See it here: https://buff.ly/4h1Ys3h #CDR

Thanks to my talented co-author Emily Hagood for bringing this research to the finish line! See her profile: https://buff.ly/3DDbbeA And read more of the research here: https://buff.ly/3PiGnCp

Storage expectations range from 1 year to 10 million years! 🤯 It all depends on the type of reservoir. See the full breakdown in this graphic (first published in Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Change, 30:1, 2025, Springer Nature).