7/ When examining the broader effects, we find that aggregate economic activity decreases:
💡 Night lights, a proxy for economic activity, show:
- A 0.09 SD drop in intensity 5 years after NGO deregistration.
- This is equivalent to an ~8% decline in economic activity.

6/ Do governments step in? Yes -- but only partially. We find that:
📚 Some students switch to govt schools, but not at the secondary level.
🏥 Govt opens more health centers in affected areas initially, but this boost fades after a year.

5/ Human capital takes a hit:
🚸 Children in regions with higher NGO deregistration attend fewer NGO-run schools, with girls hit hardest.
🤰Rural women are less likely to get prenatal care, even a year later.
💉Immunization rates drop, especially for girls in rural areas.

4/ Our analysis relies on digitized admin data on registered and deregistered NGOs in Punjab. By geocoding NGO locations and calculating the proportion deregistered in each tehsil, we identify regions most and least affected by the policy.

Here’s what we find: 👇👇

Excited to share my #JMP!🎉

"Do NGOs Matter for Development? Evidence from Pakistan"

NGOs often fill gaps left by limited public spending on health, education, etc.📚🏥But do NGOs truly move the needle on development? Let’s dive in!👇🧵[/10]

(www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/pe7oz...)