Two novel macrolide hybrids, cladoescherins A and B (1 and 2), and a rare macrolide dimer, dithiocladospolide (3), were identified from cocultures of Cladosporium sp. and Escherichia coli. Compounds 1...

The functionality—and thereby the quality—of a Genome Scale Metabolic Network (GSMN) model is commonly evaluated by using a biomass reaction as the objective function to determine flux distributions u...

In screening for antibacterial agents from co-cultures of Mycobacterium smegmatis and microbial resources, such as actinomycetes and fungi, the known …

Onion basal rot, caused mainly by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium proliferatum, is a serious and persistent disease affecting onion (Allium cepa L.) worldwide. It results in severe yield reductions, im...

Three new arthrichitin derivatives I–K (1–3) and three known congeners (4–6) were isolated from a coculture of mangrove-derived fungi Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. using 1H NMR-guided fractionat...

Advances in synthetic biology have extended microbial engineering to programmable microbial communities. Through rational pathway partitioning and wel…

The way immune cells attack pathogenic microorganisms might trigger pathogens to produce compounds that promote their survival. Based on this idea, we constructed a coculture system of pathogenic fungi and immune cells and isolated fumigatinolactone (1) as a new natural product by coculture of Aspergillus fumigatus IFM 60237 with RAW264 mouse macrophage-like cells. Fumigatinolactone (1) was produced via a nonenzymatic coupling reaction between fumigatin (4) and a new type of intermediate fumarylazlactone (5). An investigation of the interaction mechanism between the fungi and cells revealed that the survival interaction between pathogen and immune cells played key roles. Surprisingly, fungi showed a response to nitric oxide (NO), which was produced by macrophages, resulting in the production of 4. In addition, an iron starvation condition triggered the production of 5. Finally, 1 was obtained by these two mechanisms. Furthermore, compounds 1–4, particularly 4, showed inhibition of NO production from RAW264, which might be a defense action for macrophage by fungi. This is the first example of elucidation of interaction mechanisms between pathogen and immune cells for activation of silent genes to produce a new compound. These findings suggest that host–pathogen survival interaction may increase the production of secondary metabolites from fungi.

Two new papulacandin analogs (1–2), together with 12 known compounds (3–14), were identified from the co-culture of two endophytic fungi, Pestalotiopsis sp. J025 and Nigrospora sp. Wn-2-2, isolated f...

Climate change is exacerbating temperature and salinity variations in marine ecosystems, thereby challenging the physiological resilience of bivalves …

Annotation is the process of assigning features in mass spectrometry metabolomics data sets to putative chemical structures or “analytes.” The purpose of this study was to identify challenges in the a...

Sextonia rubra is a tropical tree endemic to the Guiana Shield and the Brazilian Amazon. Despite its renowned wood durability, it remains susceptible …

Du 16 au 26 juin, la Station Marine d’Endoume accueille les équipes du projet ATLASea, un ambitieux programme européen pour percer les secrets de la biodiver...

Cajaninstilbene acid (CSA), a natural stilbene in Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Millsp., is highly appreciated for its remarkable bioactivities. This study aimed to enhance the CSA yield in C. cajan cell susp...

The basidiomycetes Stereum hirsutum and Boreostereum vibrans are two fungi of the same genus. In this study, chemical investigation on the co-cultures of the two congeneric fungi led to the isolation ...

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