Studying phage-bacteria arms race🦠🛡️
Tad2 homologs that bind N7-cADPR 🧽, neutralizing Type IV Thoeris — the first anti-defense protein discovered for this system. Evidence for this novel function was collected both in vivo using multiple infection assays and in vitro with biochemical experiments.
Tad2 homologs that bind N7-cADPR 🧽, neutralizing Type IV Thoeris — the first anti-defense protein discovered for this system. Evidence for this novel function was collected both in vivo using multiple infection assays and in vitro with biochemical experiments.
We found the first Pycsar-targeting sponges, from the Tad2 family! Using mutation analysis, we showed that MoTad2 binds Pycsar molecules in a pocket distinct from its Type II Thoeris target 🧽.
We found the first Pycsar-targeting sponges, from the Tad2 family! Using mutation analysis, we showed that MoTad2 binds Pycsar molecules in a pocket distinct from its Type II Thoeris target 🧽.
We discovered 10 Acb2 homologs that inhibit Type I Thoeris! A new function for this family 🌟 One was crystallized bound to its target molecule 3′cADPR, thanks to the expertise of @reneechang.bsky.social — revealing how this sponge works.
We discovered 10 Acb2 homologs that inhibit Type I Thoeris! A new function for this family 🌟 One was crystallized bound to its target molecule 3′cADPR, thanks to the expertise of @reneechang.bsky.social — revealing how this sponge works.
84 homologs were screened experimentally against 7 immune systems, including different types of Thoeris, CBASS & Pycsar — using a high-throughput 96-well infection assay 🧪 (developed with @nitzantal.bsky.social & Jeremy Garb).
84 homologs were screened experimentally against 7 immune systems, including different types of Thoeris, CBASS & Pycsar — using a high-throughput 96-well infection assay 🧪 (developed with @nitzantal.bsky.social & Jeremy Garb).
A few homologs from each family already showed intriguing diversity in specificity to signals, which made us excited to systematically explore the full range of sponge diversity.
We collected thousands of Tad1, Tad2 & Acb2 homologs, built phylogenetic trees, and tested representatives' function🌳⚔️
A few homologs from each family already showed intriguing diversity in specificity to signals, which made us excited to systematically explore the full range of sponge diversity.
We collected thousands of Tad1, Tad2 & Acb2 homologs, built phylogenetic trees, and tested representatives' function🌳⚔️
Phages must fight back! ⚔️
Sponges 🧽 are viral proteins that bind signaling molecules, preventing activation of defenses. The first families discovered were Tad1 & Tad2 (anti-Thoeris & CBASS) and Acb2 (anti-CBASS).
Phages must fight back! ⚔️
Sponges 🧽 are viral proteins that bind signaling molecules, preventing activation of defenses. The first families discovered were Tad1 & Tad2 (anti-Thoeris & CBASS) and Acb2 (anti-CBASS).