Rithika Kumar
@rithikakumar.bsky.social
mostly a wallflower but occasionally post about South Asia: gender, migration, politics and Bollywood🌻✨| https://rithikakumar.com | Houston < Philly < Bombay
The validation exercise provides evidence in favor of our measure as a robust predictor of proxy status. However, the disproportionate role played by male family members in female reserved village councils (vis a vis unreserved councils) is striking.
April 4, 2025 at 8:42 PM
The validation exercise provides evidence in favor of our measure as a robust predictor of proxy status. However, the disproportionate role played by male family members in female reserved village councils (vis a vis unreserved councils) is striking.
Using a phone measure can possibly overestimate proxy status. So, in a subset of villages we correlate the phone and citizen measures. We find that citizens were significantly more likely to correctly name their female mukhiya if she also responded to our phone survey herself.
April 4, 2025 at 8:42 PM
Using a phone measure can possibly overestimate proxy status. So, in a subset of villages we correlate the phone and citizen measures. We find that citizens were significantly more likely to correctly name their female mukhiya if she also responded to our phone survey herself.
We also find interesting heterogenous effects by state. As expected, female politicians are significantly less likely to be proxies in Maharastra than Bihar. Remember, not only is MH more developed, it also implanted quotas about 9 years before Bihar.
April 4, 2025 at 8:42 PM
We also find interesting heterogenous effects by state. As expected, female politicians are significantly less likely to be proxies in Maharastra than Bihar. Remember, not only is MH more developed, it also implanted quotas about 9 years before Bihar.
Positive takeaway: There is significant variation in proxy status i.e.not all women are proxies! The ability of women to be de facto leaders varies significantly. However, 30 years since quotas were implemented, there is a consistent gender gap in proxy status across our measures
April 4, 2025 at 8:42 PM
Positive takeaway: There is significant variation in proxy status i.e.not all women are proxies! The ability of women to be de facto leaders varies significantly. However, 30 years since quotas were implemented, there is a consistent gender gap in proxy status across our measures
During our fieldwork we saw husbands sitting in the female mukhiya's chair and even campaign posters for women with their husband photos (see below). Beyond these anecdotes, how widespread are proxy leaders? We develop & validate a measure of proxy leadership to address this
April 4, 2025 at 8:42 PM
During our fieldwork we saw husbands sitting in the female mukhiya's chair and even campaign posters for women with their husband photos (see below). Beyond these anecdotes, how widespread are proxy leaders? We develop & validate a measure of proxy leadership to address this
📣📣Excited to share a new working paper with @priyadarshi-amar.bsky.social and Apurva Bamezai. We develop and validate a phone-based measure to assess the magnitude of 'proxy' female politicians in gender-reserved villages in India. Full paper: papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....
April 4, 2025 at 8:42 PM
📣📣Excited to share a new working paper with @priyadarshi-amar.bsky.social and Apurva Bamezai. We develop and validate a phone-based measure to assess the magnitude of 'proxy' female politicians in gender-reserved villages in India. Full paper: papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....
This paper is about 35 pages but was written while sipping chai across multiple continents – in coffee shops, shady hotel rooms and expansive corn fields.
December 20, 2024 at 4:31 PM
This paper is about 35 pages but was written while sipping chai across multiple continents – in coffee shops, shady hotel rooms and expansive corn fields.
I’m new here & thought I'd share a snippet of my work! In this working paper I use a face-to-face survey exp, an original survey and a panel to show that the male migration disrupts the household status quo by creating the routine absence of men leading to the feminization of political engagement.
December 20, 2024 at 4:31 PM
I’m new here & thought I'd share a snippet of my work! In this working paper I use a face-to-face survey exp, an original survey and a panel to show that the male migration disrupts the household status quo by creating the routine absence of men leading to the feminization of political engagement.