If you are interested in the topic, here is a link to my article on the differentiated deportability: journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/...

This blog post was written with Corina Tulbure within the #UK2deport research project that was funded by the @ncngovpl.bsky.social
radziwinowiczowna.org/research/#uk...

The decision on the refusal of entry is discretionary, at the hands of the UK Border Force. One of our research participants was returned because she did not have a return ticket. Another person was travelling with too many pairs of trousers, according to the border official.

The UK Home Office declares there is no national profiling in place, but half of EU port returns were Romanian and Bulgarian citizens.

EU citizens make up 55% of port returns.
EU citizens returned from airports and ports are often the people who did not secure a status under the EUSS, who were refused it. Some of them are new, post-Brexit arrivals suspected of coming to the UK to work without visa.

uw-edu-pl.zoom.us/j/9961093775...

Done by the team of Dr. Dobrochna Zielińska from the University of Warsaw and SWPS University (Poland)

@radziwinowiczowna.bsky.social

A big ‘thank you’ to those who helped me with this article. Thank you the funder of my research the National Science Centre of Poland for making my work possible.
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Differentiated deportability of CEEU nationals helped to perpetuate enduring discrimination against Eastern Europeans and they prefigured post-Brexit policy and practice, e.g.:
· The rough sleeping rule (2020)
· Disclose of criminal convictions in EUSS applications
10/

I knew from deported Polish people and their families that in prison they were told they would not be barred from re-entry if they agreed to deportation or Early Removal Scheme. They realised they were indeed barred when they were rejected entry to the UK.
9/

...e.g.the removal of sentencing thresholds, which made deportation attempts widely possible for people who had contact with the criminal justice system; the introduction of the abuse/misuse of rights, which saw rough sleeping as an abuse of EU treaties
8/
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10....

Legal changes in the UK and official and unofficial practices of the Home Office and prison staff made possible deportations of the most excluded of them...
7/

Two populations were the most targeted: people who had contact with the criminal justice system (not necessarily convicts, though) and rough sleepers (an English term for street homeless people).
6/

Did EU deportations make the UK more secure? You guess.
Who was deported? The most excluded. The people who couldn't afford an attorney (legal aid in deportation cases is not available), people with poor English who did not understand the documents they signed (see 9/)
5/