Hypertension only emerges after ten years and lasts for over two decades.

Could economic mechanisms (e.g., short-term income loss, long-term income instability) explain these effects? Surprisingly, they account for only a small part. So, what else might be at play?

Do massive public sector layoffs have health consequences? Yes—and they are not just a temporary setback. The effects are long-lasting and persist for decades. Using data from China, our research finds that job loss is linked to higher mortality and CVD within a decade. However,