5/7 🧵 Importantly, white matter microstructure (FA) 🧠 in short-range fibers connecting these areas, especially the left inferior frontal gyrus, was altered in PwRMS. This supports a distinct neuroanatomical basis for fatigue in PwMS 🌟

4/7 🧵
Regions linked to fatigue include:
🧠 Cingulate gyrus
🧠 Inferior frontal gyrus
🧠 Superior temporal sulcus
🧠 Insula
🧠 Transverse temporal gyrus
These are key areas for language, decision-making, emotional and social processing.

3/7 🧵 Using Bayesian regression models 📉(LASSO and Spike-and-Slab), we identified a specific pattern of white matter alterations that correlated with total and cognitive fatigue only in PwRMS.
@rodrigohch.bsky.social

2/7 🧵 Fatigue is one of the most disabling symptoms in MS. We compared 32 PwRMS and 29 healthy controls—both groups experiencing similar levels of fatigue—to explore brain-based differences using 🧠 MRI and diffusion imaging. @alejandrafigueroa.bsky.social @neurocics.bsky.social

Thus, theta stimulation over the SFG increases behavioral features indicative of heightened expectation for upcoming conflict stimuli 🎯, while neither arrhythmic stimulation nor theta stimulation over the IFJ ⚡ shows this effect. (6/8)

We used TMS ⚡ to prime theta 🌀 activity before the task, finding theta stimulation increases activity in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) 🎯, but not in the inferior frontal junction. Notably, the stimulation effect is localized to the contralateral region of stimulation. (5/8)

... while control execution is linked to the known network involving the inferior frontal junction (IFJ). (4/8)

Expectation computation is replicable 🔁 in other samples using variations of Go/No-Go task and in a different task (MSIT) in additional samples.
Moreover, expectation correlates with fMRI activity in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) 🧠 (3/8)
@natureportfolio.bsky.social

Hard work by Ph.D. #DCCS María Paz Martínez and all our Lab @neuroCCIS @CICS, in collaboration with Antoni Valero-Cabré and @RafaPolania. 🧠👏 Here, we present a cognitive computational process ⚙️ that generates expectations and drives adaptation 🧑‍🤝‍🧑 in response to upcoming conflict situations 🚧 . (2/8)