Thanks to everyone who has given comments on this paper through the years!

In addition to this, I look at the late 20th century and find results that are suggestive that there may be less persistence than assumed in the long-run. (6/6)

My argument is that imperial institutions are driving part of the effect. Lower level institutional shocks (Catholicism) are interacting with the higher level imperial institutions, leading to heterogenous effects. (5/6)

Why the difference? If we look at education, the human capital argument might be an answer. But I theorize it might be due to different imperial institutions.

Historical work points towards the French being more diplomatic in their relations, and the Spanish more coercive(4/6)

I found that tribes historically treated by the Spanish had lower incomes in the early 20th century relative to non-treated in the southwest. Tribes historically treated by the French had higher incomes. (3/6)

Using census and historical mission data, I look at whether the French and Spanish had different impacts on long-term income for Indigenous in America (2/6)

Very interesting! Congrats!

Thanks for the kind word on the paper! We’ve been fortunate enough to present an earlier draft at a classicist conference, but I would be interested in how the paper is generally received by them

Thanks!

Co-authored with @vincentgeloso.bsky.social and @jrhall1066.bsky.social

Would love to be added if possible :)