The first thing to understand is that the proposed bill targets *institutions*, not individual grants.

So if an institution is deemed to be performing "gain-of-function research" (very broadly defined, more on that), then that institution can't receive *any* grants, not just *GoF* grants.

So what constitutes "gain-of-function research"? According to the bill, work involving influenza viruses, coronaviruses, and "Select Agents" that may be "reasonably anticipated" (whatever that means) to "enhanced infectivity, pathogenicity, or transmissibility [+'threat']".

But, there's more.

First off, such enhanced 'function' is not just based on human infectivity - it also includes animals.

Want to understand which mutations in H5N1 confer cattle vs bird vs human infectivity? Can't do that.

Want to understand how SARS-CoV-2 escapes immunity? Can't do that.

But there's more..

Completely awesome and deserved! Congratulations.