Excerpt: "Many of the Jewish graduates from these schools were retained by the Jewish hospitals in Warsaw and Berlin, with a lucky few obtaining postgraduate scholarships to study in the United Kingdom, France, and America.”

Excerpt: "The JDC established and funded nursing schools specifically for young Jewish women in affiliation with the Jewish hospitals in Warsaw, Poland, and Berlin, Germany."

Excerpt: “Humanitarian aid societies like the Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) actively combatted these instances of ethnic and religious discrimination against central and eastern European Jews."

Excerpt: "and began her nursing rounds within the city. Under Banks’s direction, her group of Black nursing students at the Cannon Street Hospital and Training School for Nurses staffed the hospital.”

Excerpt: "Focused on the health of Charleston citizens, Anna DeCosta Banks met each morning with the agent of Associated Charities, picked up messages of patients’ calls from the night before, gathered nourishments, linens, and hospital garments from the Loan and Supply Closet,"

Excerpt: "Health Officer Mercier Green, MD, told Charleston residents that the “Spanish influenza is not here yet, but it is coming.” Nevertheless, Anna DeCosta Banks, district visiting nurse for Charleston’s Ladies Benevolent Society (LBS), knew firsthand that the flu had already arrived."

Excerpt: "plus British Parliamentary Papers, this article will establish patterns of activity by or about men in nursing during this period.”

Excerpt: "This article, however, aims to address the virtual absence of men in histories of general nursing, with a concentration on the period 1790–1820. By drawing primarily on the fragmentary evidence provided in personal papers (such as diaries, letters, and memoirs)"

Excerpt: “Histories of males in nursing before 1820 have started with the accounts of male keepers of eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century madhouses."

Excerpt: "shifting perceptions of gender roles following the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 once again relegated nurses to an uncertain space. Indeed, their role was conflated with that of soldier orderlies.”

Excerpt: "Furthermore, this work gave the women “camp followers” of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries a legitimate paid place in the military framework. Yet just as quickly as a perceived gendered suitability for nursing work legitimized women’s labour in military medical settings,"

Excerpt: "Successful nursing care was often the most important factor for ensuring that sick and injured soldiers returned to the battlefield, thereby helping to combat the British army’s manpower problems."

Excerpt: "This paper examines how the perception of gender roles by medical officers influenced who was deemed an acceptable caregiver: a female nurse or a male orderly."

Excerpt: "Hess and Lundeen shifted the unit’s focus away from the technological wonders of the mechanical incubator to the specially trained and knowledgeable nursing staff in order to improve patient outcomes.”

Excerpt: "Under their leadership, the Station established premature infant care as a hospital-based specialty that situated experienced nurses at the center of every treatment."

Excerpt: "As the medical director and superintendent of nursing for the Hortense Schoen Joseph Premature Station (the Station) at Chicago’s Sarah Morris Hospital for Children, Hess and Lundeen had spent nearly twenty years working together to develop and refine their treatment model."

Excerpt: "Despite a widespread admiration for scientists like Jonas Salk, some Americans remained skeptical of public health officials’ expertise.”

Excerpt: "The confusing and conflicted public response reflected Cold War health politics and the emerging civil rights movement, as well as the powerful role of the March of Dimes, racial segregation in health care, and the inequities resulting from the fee-for-service medical system."

Excerpt: "The rollout of the polio vaccination process was bumpy, and arguments by anti-vaccinationists strengthened public skepticism during the trial period and later as the vaccine was distributed in public schools, doctors’ offices, and health departments."