We discussed this point in the paper, in more detail than I can do here. I’d encourage you to have a look at it — and please feel free to reach out by email if you’d like to discuss it further.

In that sense, our findings suggest that in many regions, connectivity estimated by conventional FC pipeline may primarily reflect aperiodic dynamics rather than genuine oscillatory synchronization.

One core assumption of electrophysiological FC is that it reflects oscillatory coupling, as proposed by Fries’ “communication through coherence” framework. So, if a given parcel doesn’t exhibit a clear oscillatory peak, the physiological basis for such oscillatory coupling is missing.

That’s an interesting point. Specparam actually does a pretty good job at teasing apart true oscillatory peaks from the aperiodic activity, but future work needs to take into account the non-sinusoidal nature of oscillations to further optimize oscillation estimation.

That’s a great question! I haven’t looked at it directly, but since aperiodic EEG activity has been linked to BOLD fluctuations, there might be some conceptual overlap with fMRI “events.” Definitely something worth exploring further through future multimodal work.