7/7 Waves in the anterior insula travelled from the anterior towards the posterior insula and got suppressed during successful, compared to, unsuccessful memory encoding, again suggesting heterogeneous dynamics in the insula to initiate efficient dynamic switching and control.

6/7 Wave strength in the anterior insula was suppressed compared to the posterior insula, suggesting that the anterior insula is a spatially heterogeneous brain area ideally suited for initiating dynamic switching and exerting control over the DMN and FPN.

5/7 At the group level, wave strength increased for successful, compared to, unsuccessful memory encoding in the beta band. The reverse was true in the theta band.

4/7 Insular waves also modulate memory performance. For example, a clockwise spiral during memory encoding success, and a counter-clockwise spiral during memory encoding failure. Source waves during successful memory retrieval, and sinks during unsuccessful memory retrieval.

3/7 Deep learning can decode memory behavior at the single-trial level from these insular waves.

2/7 We combined iEEG signals across multiple depth probes by using a spatially localized clustering algorithm. We found complex, heterogeneous spatial patterns of insular waves, including spirals, that correlated with behavior, by changing their direction and strength.