For more details, read the NDC ASPECTS country report in South Africa:

ndc-aspects.eu/sites/defaul...

Decarbonisation of transport, metals, and other major sectors is heavily reliant on clean electricity and the expansion of the power grid. However, uncertainty in the global petroleum regime can have a significant bearing on South Africa’s GHG emissions in 2035

Current indications are that 2035 emissions need to dip under 300 Mt CO2eq/a to reach net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050, though this still depends on an acceleration of emissions reductions post-2045, relying on global support to access newer technologies.

Find more in our country report on India:
ndc-aspects.eu/sites/defaul...

🪙Electricity needs to be affordable.
In the short term, India will be dependent on coal for major energy use across power and industry sector but transport will shift towards electricity. However, relevant technologies need to become cost-effective (batteries, EVs, etc.)

⚡️India has already raised its renewable energy targets and will need to continue to do so. Emissions will need to be reduced in the industry and transport sectors.
However, buildings' emissions may increase in 2030 as power infrastructure is expanded throughout the country.

🏭What 2030 emission levels are compatible with the country’s carbon neutrality objective?
India’s CO2 intensity of GDP is around 45-55% of its GDP and will meet its second NDC target by 2030. The CO2 intensity will need to drop from 900g CO2/kWh in 2020 to 500g CO2/kWh in 2030.

For more details, read our EU27 report: ndc-aspects.eu/sites/defaul...

In contrast to mitigation efforts until today that focused on energy supply, the most significant cuts in emissions this decade are needed in buildings and transport.
Key actions:
- Electrification of demand sectors
- Greening the remaining fuel mix
- Abate remaining emissions

To reach the 2030 NDC climate target – reducing the net GHG emissions by 55% from 1990 levels – the
pace of emission reductions will need to pick up and almost triple the average annual reduction achieved
over the last decade.

For more details, read the NDC ASPECTS country report on China:
ndc-aspects.eu/sites/defaul...

🚗The road transport sector will undergo a substantial transition towards renewable energy, with a marked increase in the use of electricity, biomass fuels, and hydrogen.

🏘️Key actions for the building sector include enhancing standards for new buildings, develop ultra-low/nearly zero-energy buildings, conducting energy-saving retrofits, improving the efficiency of equipment, and upgrading intelligent energy monitoring systems.

🏭Industrialization has been substantially achieved and the industrial structure has undergone continuous optimization.
Low-energy high-value-added advanced manufacturing and production-oriented services have emerged as the primary drivers of industrial growth.

⚡️In the short term, China aims to significantly develop non-fossil energy and establish a new power system primarily reliant on renewable energy. The power sector will strive to peak emissions before the broader energy system.