These results suggest that exposure to SOGICE may increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular health outcomes, underscoring the need for enforcement of bans and affirmative care approaches.

In our cohort of 703 LGBTQ young adults 10.2% were exposed to these practices, typically around the time of puberty. Exposure was associated with later elevated blood pressure, increased systemic inflammation, and higher odds of self-reported hypertension diagnosis with dose-response relationship.