(2) Ignoring the Palestine issue, especially the question of statehood, in Arab-Israeli normalization deals will not be a recipe for longer-term interstate stability, nor will it lead to acceptance or support by the majority of Arab populations.

(1) Episodes of Arab-Israeli war and peace have been tied to global dynamics of bipolarity and unipolarity. Most peace negotiations and agreements were sponsored by the United States during uncontested hegemony. Today, the unipolar moment is over.

By tracing the continuities and differences with previous eras, we draw 3 important lessons:

On the other, the war generated novel repercussions. “Palestine” now has broader global resonance than Arab and Islamic framings. And the regional alliance structure has been altered, with the “moderate Arab camp” fading and new actors rising and joining the resistance axis.

(3)Historical junctures —the 1948 Nakba, the 1967 and 1973 wars, and the 1987 and 2000 intifadas— were central to domestic politics in Arab states, leading to upheavals, coups, repression, and instability. The war is likely to profoundly affect the whole region for years to come.

while tracing the regional repercussions of the war, we discuss that, on the one hand, the war has revitalized “Palestine” as a central issue, accentuating the so-called Axis of Resistance, and increasing the prominence of the regimes-people divide in Middle Eastern countries.

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