"In recent years the concept of 'system' has gained increasing influence in psychology and psychopathology" - Ludwig von Bertalanffy, 1968

Now out in the Journal for Person-Oriented Research: journals.lub.lu.se/jpor/article...

... and whether outlying values may signal recovery from perturbations. At least in these cases, they do, which means that non-stationarity and outlying values should not by default be regarded as methodological problems as they may signal meaningful and relevant phenomena worth studying.

We combined affect dynamics with contextual data and qualitative information from data viewing sessions with participants in order to study whether non-stationarity may signal transitions...