💡✅ Hence, we propose two internal mechanisms:
1️⃣ Hydrothermal alteration → lower permeability → trapped gas → pressure buildup → uplift → degassing
2️⃣ Small deep magma input → volatile release → shallow pore-pressure increase.
⛰️Both imply Taftan is more active than previously thought

🤔 What caused it?
We tested whether the unrest was triggered by external factors or by internal processes within the volcano.
🌧️☄️ Rainfall and seismic data showed no correlation — no significant rain or nearby M≥5 earthquakes during the event
So, we suggested that the uplift was trigger-less.

📅 Results shows that Uplift started mid-July 2023 (±4 days) and ended mid-May 2024 (±9 days).
East flank deformation began later but ceased earlier; summit uplift lasted about 10 months and coincided with several gas-emission events. 🌋

🕒 To determine the precise timing of the unrest, including its start and end times, we utilized a hyperbolic tangent model applied to a refined set of time series pixels from the summit and both flanks. The findings indicate a gradual onset, acceleration, and recovery in deformation behaviour.

Introduce 🌫️ Common-Mode Filtering (CMF) to mitigate spatially correlated atmospheric signals by averaging time series of non-deformed pixels and subtracting them from the target point. Results show an improvement in time series accuracy of up to 50%, aiding in the precise analysis of unrest timing.

📡Sentinel-1 InSAR reveals ~9 cm of vertical uplift centered on the active fumarole fields.
Modeling with a Mogi source indicates a shallow pressure source at 0.5–0.6 km depth, right beneath the summit

🗺️ This Fig. shows location of Taftan in the Makran subduction arc.
Taftan is the only one with persistent fumarolic activity.

The first day also included a talk from special guest @pablojglez.bsky.social from @csic.es. Pablo spoke about the activity, past and present, of Teide volcano in Tenerife 🌋🇪🇸

The left side of this diapir has been altered by an active salt mine, reshaping its natural form. Let’s protect these geological wonders for future generations!

Open to collaborating on salt structure research—monitoring, modeling, and field trips (in Iran). Let’s explore together! 🌍

Link to paper:
doi.org/10.1016/j.te...

Profiles of displacement rate in the vertical directions (red color) versus topography. The red curves and left y-axis correspond to the vertical displacement rate, and the black curves and the right y-axes correspond to altitude.

💠(5) We validated our offset tracking results with hashtag#GNSS data inside the caldera, demonstrating how these methods complement each other in monitoring large-scale volcanic deformation.

💠(4) By comparing ascending and descending satellite tracks just one day apart, we quantified the underground magma migration rate.

💠(3) Our focus extends to the volcano’s flank, where magma flowed for nearly two months through a sub-horizontal dike, revealing how the magma reservoir supplied this dike to sustain ongoing lava flows.

💡 Key highlights:
💠(1) We employed hashtag#InSAR, optical flow, and pixel offset tracking to unveil how surface deformation traces magma dynamics.
💠(2) We captured the full eruption cycle—pre-, co-, and post-eruption—by processing consecutive hashtag#Sentinel-1 SAR imagery.