Migration Ecology Group
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migecol.bsky.social
Migration Ecology Group
@migecol.bsky.social
News from the Migration Ecology Group
@University of Oldenburg, Germany
led by Prof. Heiko Schmaljohann
https://uol.de/en/migration-ecology
(vii) Over all species, the departure direction within the first 1-10 km does not change from Helgoland towards the coastline within 50-100 km flight distance.
September 26, 2025 at 8:11 AM
(vi) departure direction from Helgoland only aligned with ring recovery directions in Redstart, Robin and Dunnock, all towards a nortwesterly direction (as expected). Wheatears depart significantly to southeast (why?) and Garden warbers depart in a random direction (why?).
September 26, 2025 at 8:10 AM
(iv) the more fat the bird has, the more motivated it is to depart

(v) the more fat the bird has, the earlier the bird departs within the night
September 26, 2025 at 8:09 AM
(iii) There is no difference in the time of night, when the birds depart, except, that Dunnocks depart during morning dawn and all other species during evening dusk - interestingly both at the same sun´s angle below horizon!
September 26, 2025 at 8:07 AM
(ii) Trans-Saharan migrants are less selective to wind conditions for departure. All species are similarly prone to overcast, meaning they are less motivated to migrate, when the sky is cloudy
September 26, 2025 at 8:06 AM
(i) stopover duration of trans-saharan migrants is shorter
September 26, 2025 at 8:05 AM
citation:
Klinner, T.*, Karwinkel, T.*, Packmor, F., & Schmaljohann, H. (2025). Stopover departure decisions in spring: pre-Saharan migrants stay longer and are more selective for favourable wind than trans-Saharan migrants. Movement Ecology, 13(1), 64. doi.org/10.1186/s404...
Stopover departure decisions in spring: pre-Saharan migrants stay longer and are more selective for favourable wind than trans-Saharan migrants - Movement Ecology
Birds that breed in Europe and winter south of the Sahara, so-called trans-Saharan migrants, generally migrate longer distances than pre-Saharan migrants. The latter are expected to be less time constrained during autumn migration than the former. As such, pre-Saharan migrants are assumed to be more selective for favourable weather conditions and are more likely to minimise energy cost of migration than trans-Saharan migrants. While this pattern is supported for autumn migration, it is less well understood for spring migration. Since the optimal arrival timing at the breeding areas is generally under selection pressure to arrive ‘early’, i.e. before ‘competitors’, and since this advantage is likely to hold across migration strategies, we predict that the general differences in decision making between pre- and trans-Saharan migrants will also be manifested during spring migration. We radio-tracked three trans-Saharan (Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus, Garden Warbler Sylvia borin and Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe) and two pre-Saharan (European Robin Erithacus rubecula and Dunnock Prunella modularis) migrants during stopover using a regional network of Motus receiving stations. We analysed the night-to-night and within-night departure decisions in relation to weather and energy stores, and compared species’ departure direction with the location of their ring recoveries. Trans-Saharan migrants stopped-over shorter and were less selective for favourable wind conditions than pre-Saharan migrants. The positive effect of high energy stores and low cloud cover on departure probability was a consistent pattern. Within-night departure times did not differ between migration strategies. Departure directions were in line with geographical mean location of ring recoveries for Common Redstart, European Robin and Dunnock. Our results suggest that pre-Saharan migrants are less time-constrained and follow an energy-saving strategy more strongly than trans-Saharan migrants that seem to have a stronger urge to migrate fast in spring. Since a similar pattern exists for autumn migration, we suggest that how the species-specific migration strategies and associated time constraints affect stopover decision making in both migration seasons is a general mechanism in migratory songbirds.
doi.org
September 26, 2025 at 8:03 AM