“China and the US have increasingly traded accusations of cyber attacks in the past few years, each portraying the other as its primary cyber threat.”

“Although the government saw from the early hours of the night that the drone attack was coming from Russia, false claims that Ukraine sent the drones to start war, flooded Polish cyberspace…”

And growing importance of defence diplomacy amid rising risks of military conflicts.

Elaborated on the purpose of ASEAN Community Vision 2045 as a framework for the region to face these challenges.

Lastly, highlighted the risks that U.S. tariff war pose on stability of countries globally, including ASEAN countries.

Covering intra-regional issues and global issues (Major power rivalry, Ukraine-Russia & Middle conflicts, cyber & info warfare, tech) with impact on stability and economic security of ASEAN.